Roofing and Scaffolding Techniques in Construction

Roofing

Covering a structure with a roof material.

Roof Tiles

Overlapping tiles to prevent rain or snow ingress.

Asphalt Shingles

Heavy roofing material unsuitable for tropical climates.

Roof Deck

Slab with waterproofing, supports roof structure.

Battens

Fixing points for roofing materials in tiled roofs.

Rafter

Sloped structural member supporting roof loads.

Roof Truss

Engineered framework providing roof support.

Slope Requirement

Roof must have at least 1% slope for drainage.

Gutter

Channel directing rainwater from the roof.

Catch Basin

Collects water to prevent flooring damage.

Shingles

Overlapping elements forming a roof covering.

Metal Roof

Roofing system with corrosion-resistant metal pieces.

Thermal Insulation

Material reducing heat transfer in roofing.

Flashing

Material ensuring waterproofing at roof joints.

Ridge Cap

Top covering for roof tiles or shingles.

Waterproofing

Prevents water from penetrating the roof structure.

Scaffolding

Temporary structure for worker access during construction.

Installation Steps

Sequential actions to properly install roofing materials.

Roof Framing Material

Structural support for the roof covering.

Precipitation Protection

Roofing's primary function to keep out water.

PVC Roof Tiles

Innovative roofing material alternative to traditional tiles.

Under Layer Preparation

Initial step before installing roof tiles.

Worker Safety

Scaffolding reduces fall risks for workers.

Accessibility

Allows workers to reach difficult areas efficiently.

Material Support

Scaffolds bear heavy loads for safe material movement.

Versatility

Scaffolding can be customized for various projects.

Long Span

Galvanized iron sheets supported for high temperatures.

Corrugated GI Sheet

Similar to spaghetti; varies in profile.

Sealant

Used for overlapping roofing material connections.

Plastic Polymer Roofs

Lightweight, durable sheets for residential and commercial use.

Installation Steps for Plastic Roofs

Install panels, cover edges, and peak.

Polycarbonate Roofing

Available in colors; used for exterior applications.

Concrete Roofing

Uses heavy materials; prone to water absorption.

Single Scaffolding

Temporary structure for brick masonry access.

Double Scaffolding

Self-supporting structure for stone masonry work.

Vertical Members

Placed 2 to 2.5 meters apart in scaffolding.

Ledgers

Horizontal members fixed at 1.2 to 1.5 meters.

Putlogs

Transverse members resting on ledgers, spaced 1.2 to 1.5 meters.

PPE

Personal protective equipment like harnesses for safety.

Diagonal Brace

Provides additional support in scaffolding structures.

Rigid Clamp

Used to secure components at 90 degrees.

Swivel Clamp

Allows diagonal connections in scaffolding.

Cost-Effectiveness

Fewer materials used compared to complex systems.

Simplicity

Quick assembly and disassembly of scaffolding.

Standards

Vertical supports in scaffold structure.

Ledgers

Horizontal members connecting vertical standards.

Putlogs

Supports placed on ledgers for platforms.

Cross Bracing

Diagonal supports enhancing scaffold stability.

Rakers

Additional diagonal supports for extra stability.

Structural Dependency

Reliance on walls for scaffold support.

Height Restrictions

Optimal for moderate height structures.

Enhanced Stability

Dual-row design increases sturdiness.

Proper Installation

Securely fix components for safety.

Independence from Wall

Ideal for projects not relying on walls.

Regular Inspections

Routine checks for wear and stability.

Load Management

Avoid overloading to prevent failure.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Safety gear for workers during tasks.

Stone Masonry

Scaffolding useful where wall support is absent.

High-Rise Construction

Provides access for elevated work tasks.

Maintenance and Repairs

Suitable for facade work and painting.

Building Facade Maintenance

Work on exterior surfaces without ground obstructions.

Window Installation and Repair

Stable platform for upper floor tasks.

Roof Maintenance

Access to roof edges and overhangs.

Bridge Construction

Work where ground support isn't feasible.

Proper Design and Installation

Qualified personnel ensure scaffold safety.

Double Scaffolding

Robust support system for stone masonry projects.

Key Features of Double Scaffolding

Includes size specifications and putlog arrangements.

Stability of Double Scaffolding

More stable than single scaffolding options.

Limitations of Double Scaffolding

Not suitable for all high-rise building floors.

Cantilever Scaffolding

Access system using horizontal beams extending outward.

Needles in Cantilever Scaffolding

Horizontal beams supporting the scaffold's load.

PPE in Construction

Safety gear like harnesses for worker protection.

Load Management

Set limits to prevent scaffold overloading.

Suspended Scaffolding

Temporary platform system suspended from overhead structures.

Access Benefits of Suspended Scaffolding

Ideal for obstructed areas like balconies and overhangs.

Suspension Mechanism

Platforms hung using ropes or cables for height adjustment.

Space Efficiency of Suspended Scaffolding

Eliminates ground supports in narrow spaces.

Adjustability of Suspended Scaffolding

Height can be modified with hoists for flexibility.

Versatility of Suspended Scaffolding

Used for painting, repairs, and window installations.

Platform Variability

Lengths range from 3 to 72 feet for projects.

Common Applications of Suspended Scaffolding

Used for window cleaning and building maintenance.

Two-Point Suspended Scaffolding

Most common type, suspended by two ropes.

Support Structure

Scaffold supported by tripods or ladders for stability.

Single-Point Adjustable Scaffolding

Supported by one rope, allows platform rotation.

Guardrails and Toeboards

Safety features to prevent falls during work.

Brackets in Suspended Scaffolding

Connect needles to buildings for stability.

Platform Height

Access height typically up to 5 meters.

Multi-Point Adjustable

Multiple suspension points enhance platform stability.

Portability

Lightweight components for easy assembly and relocation.

Catenary

Platform supported by two parallel horizontal ropes.

Float (Ship)

Braced platform hung from overhead supports.

Platform Width

Gaps between decking must not exceed 20mm.

Height Adjustment

Modifies trestles or ladders for varying heights.

Proper Installation

Correct assembly prevents accidents and ensures safety.

Regular Inspections

Daily checks for wear and stability are essential.

Load Limits

Adhere to weight capacities to prevent overload.

Fall Protection

Guardrails and fall arrest systems safeguard workers.

Edge Protection

Required if platform height exceeds 2 meters near hazards.

Access

Secured ladders or adjacent structures provide platform access.

Trestle Scaffolding

Movable tripods support platforms for indoor tasks.