test and asessment ch. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5... quiz
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86 Terms
According to Dr. Link, what would be considered the foundation of any thorough assessment?
clinical interview
psychological testing
statistical analysis
report writing
clinical interview
Who was one of the first psychologists to become involved in the work of psychological testing?
a. Alfred Binet
b. Carl Jung
c. Sigmund Freud
d. Aaron Beck
Alfred Binet
A referral for psychological assessment may often be made by which of the following sources?
a. School districts
b. All of the answers are correct
c. Court of law
d. Physicians
All of the answers are correct
Psychological tests can often be tied to a particular theoretical orientation such as psychodynamic, behavioral, or cognitive.
True
False
True
Assessment is typically one part of an overarching testing protocol.
True
False
NOT TRUE but false…
Testing and assessment, not necessarily therapy, has traditionally been the domain of doctoral level psychologists.
True
False
True
Since the COVID pandemic, the use of technology to administer psychological testing has increased dramatically.
True
False
True
The role of the tester/assessor is vital when it comes to psychological testing.
True
False
false
Interviewing a patient's family members and friends; reviewing letters, notes, and journals; examining medical and psychological records.. this would be an example of what type of assessment?
a. case study assessment
b. biographical assessment
c. portfolio assessment
d. behavioral observation assessment
IDK NOT biographical assessment BUT case study assessment
The objective of ____ is typically to obtain some gauge, usually numerical in nature, with regard to an ability or attribute such as intelligence or a personality trait.
testing
statistical analysis
psychometrics
assessment
Testing
chapter 2
Psychological test data gathered from immigrant assessees at Ellis Island by Henry Goddard was
cited to support anti-immigration arguments and legislation.
used to argue against compulsory sterilization for the "feeble-minded."
cited extensively in Goddard's best-sellerWelcoming Europe's Gifted.
compiled to determine the incidence of feeble-mindedness worldwide.
cited to support anti-immigration arguments and legislation.
To date, no countries allow for assisted suicide when a patient is dealing with a severe chronic mental illness.
True
False
False
Which is TRUE of Oregon's Death with Dignity Act?
All of the answers are correct.
A psychologist or psychiatrist may be requested to evaluate the patient for impaired judgment and the presence of psychopathology.
The patient must have less than a year to live to be covered by this Act.
Relatives of the patient must arrange a consultation with an Oregon-licensed psychologist or psychiatrist who must be available to consult with the family for a one-year period subsequent to the patient's demise.
A psychologist or psychiatrist may be requested to evaluate the patient for impaired judgment and the presence of psychopathology.
Privacy concerns
while confidentiality concerns _
information, results
data, people
secrets, information
people, data
people, data
Which court case resulted in the ruling that psychotherapists must reveal privileged information if a third party is endangered?
Allen v. District of Columbia (1993)
Jaffee v. Redmond (1996)
Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California (1974)
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)
Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California (1974)
From the intelligence test data he gathered at Ellis Island, Henry Goddard concluded that many of the people attempting to immigrate to the United States were "feebleminded." This conclusion was
entirely justified as shown in subsequent research by Lewis Terman.
largely the result of using a test that overestimated mental deficiency.
probably an exaggeration due to Goddard's known prejudice.
in keeping with the culture of the day which focused on nurture over nature.
largely the result of using a test that overestimated mental deficiency.
The "privilege" referred to in the term privileged communication belongs to
the test taker.
the test developer.
the test user.
the test publisher.
the test taker.
Dr. Link spoke of the following example that illustrates the conflict that can arise between federal/state laws and professional standards.
privacy vs. confidentiality
mandated reporting for child abuse (fetal exposure to drugs/alcohol) vs. abortion
elder abuse vs. assisted suicide
insurance audits vs. insurance fraud
mandated reporting for child abuse (fetal exposure to drugs/alcohol) vs. abortion
Tests are categorized as
"thumbs up" or "thumbs down" by the APA
Council on Testing.
level 1, 2, or 3, depending on how difficult it is to administer the test.
level A, B, and C, depending on how much testing-related knowledge is necessary to administer the test.
level alpha, beta, or gamma, depending on how many years of education are required by test takers to be admitted for testing.
level A, B, and C, depending on how much testing-related knowledge is necessary to administer the test.
In general, test takers have the right
to know the results of the test they took.
to know how the test data will be used.
to know why they are being tested.
All of the answers are correct.
All of the answers are correct.
The APA guidelines do not make specific mention of the importance reliability or validity when selecting tests.
True
False
False
WWl was the historical event in France that led to the impetus for the development of the first intelligence test by Alfred Binet.
True
False
False
Which of the following would be included on the informed consent document for psychological testing & assessment?
Who is the holder of the report
Price of the tests/assessment
All of the answers are correctHow many hours the testing will take
How to handle the legality with divorced parents
All of the answers are correct
Consistent with recommendations regarding professional ethics, post-test feedback to test takers
will always use diagnostic labels
should be accurate and understandable.
should focus on only "positive" findings.
must avoid any information that may arouse anxiety.
should be accurate and understandable
The APA psychological assessment and evaluations guidelines are important for those directly involved in the process of testing, assessment, and evaluation. This would include which of the following?
Educators and trainers who are responsible for instruction on psychological assessment, testing, and evaluation
psychology students pursuing a higher degree
All of the above
psychologists who directly conduct assessments, such as administer, score, and accurately interpret tests, compose reports, or give feedback
All of the above
Chapter 3 quiz
In the language of assessment, -
_ refers to the collective influence of all of the
factors on a test score or measurement beyond those specifically measured by the test or measurement.
a. raw score
b. Error
c. outlier
d. effect size
Error
During a football game, yards gained by running backs is an example of which type of scale?
a. ordinal
b. nominal
c. interval
d. ratio
NOT Nominal BUT RATIO
If the results of an examination are positively skewed, the exam questions were likely
easy.
difficult.
part of a makeup examination.
biased.
difficult
Most scores on tests that measure psychological variables
lack discretion.
are error-free.
are discrete.
are continuous.
are continuous.
A diagnostic classification listed in a manual as "3.18 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder" is an example of'
a. an ordinal scale
b. an interval scale.
c. a ratio scale
d. a nominal scale.
a nominal scale.
In a research study, subjects are categorized as either "hospitalized" or "never hospitalized." This type of categorization is referred to as
a. prime
b. continuous
c. discrete
d. random
discrete
Skewness provides an indication of the extent to which the shape of the distribution is
a. flat
b. curved
c. symmetrical
d. peaked
symmetrical
A correlation coefficient equal to -98 would indicate
a strong inverse relationship between the two variables.
a strong direct relationship between the two variables.
a weak direct relationship between the two variables.
a weak inverse relationship between the two variables.
a strong inverse relationship between the two variables.
The mean should be chosen as the measure of central tendency when the distribution is
approximately j-shaped in nature.
skewed in a generally negative direction.
approximately symmetrical in nature.
skewed in a generally positive direction.
approximately symmetrical in nature.
If few scores fall at the low end of the distribution, the distribution is skewed.
negatively
symmetrically
positively
asymmetrically
NOT positively BUT negatively?
chapter 4
Any influence on psychological test scores from factors other than what a test is intended to measure is referred to by measurement specialists as
error.
bias.
spurious artifact.
construct-irrelevant stimuli.
error
"Test-related behavior predicts non-test-related behavior." This statement
All of the answers are correct.
is true only if the test-related behavior mimics the non-test-related behavior.
is true only if the non-test-related behavior mimics the test-related behavior.
is an assumption on which the assessment enterprise is based.
is an assumption on which the assessment enterprise is based.
In general, samples of behavior may be obtained by
direct observation.
paper-and-pencil tests.
self-report.
All of the answers are correct.
All of the answers are correct.
One scale at the deli counter of a local supermarket consistently measures everything that is placed on it exactly one ounce more than its actual weight. An assessment professional would describe this scale as
unreliable.
not properly normed.
reliable.
valid.
reliable
An assumption in psychological testing and assessment is that psychological traits can be measured. For this to be true,
the test must take into account changes in the trait that can occur over time.
the reference group used must consist of people who exhibit and who do not exhibit the trait.
All of the answers are correct.
test developers must clearly define the trait constructs the test purports to measure.
NOT All of the answers are correct. BUT test developers must clearly define the trait constructs the test purports to measure
"What's a good test?" In part, a good test is one that
will ultimately benefit individual test takers or society as a whole.
is useful in the sense that it yields actionable results.
All of the answers are correct.
trained examiners can administer with a minimum of difficulty.
All of the answers are correct.
Which of the following is the best example of a psychological trait?
skin color
conscientiousness
height
eye color
conscientiousness
A basic assumption about psychological testing and assessment is that
traits and states can be best understood by those who experience them.
measures developed in one culture have no meaning in other cultures.
traits and states are only measurable in human beings.
traits and states can be quantified and measured.
traits and states can be quantified and measured.
A psychological trait
All of the answers are correct.
has a physical real existence.
has no relation to observed behavior.
is a construct.
is a construct.
The manifestation of behavior associated with a particular psychological trait is to some extent dependent on
one's astrological sign.
the financial pressures being exerted.
the situation a person is in.
an individual's blood pressure at the time.
the situation a person is in.
chapter 5 quiz
What type of reliability estimate is obtained by correlating pairs of scores from the same person on two different administrations of the same test?
test-retest
parallel-forms
split-half
inter-rater
test-retest
A reliability coefficient is
unaffected by a systematic source of error.
an index of error.
All of the answers are correct.
a proportion of the total variance attributed to true variance.
IDK NOT a proportion of the total variance attributed to true variance. but i think ALL OF THE ANSWERS
In classical test theory, an observed score on an ability test is presumed to represent the test taker’s
true score.
true score minus the variance.
true score combined with extraneous factors.
true score and error.
true score and error.
Which type of reliability estimate would be appropriate only when evaluating the reliability of a test that measures a trait that is presumed to be relatively stable over time?
alternate-forms
test-retest
split-half
parallel-forms
test-retest
As the reliability of a test increases, the standard error of measurement
alternately increases, then decreases.
increases.
remains the same.
decreases.
decreases.
A test containing 100 items is revised by deleting 20 items. What might be expected to happen to the magnitude of the reliability estimate for that test?
It cannot be determined based on the information provided.
It will be expected to decrease.
It will be expected to stay the same.
It will be expected to increase.
It will be expected to decrease.
An estimate of test-retest reliability is often referred to as a coefficient of stability when the time interval between the test and retest is more than
six months.
sixty days.
three months.
thirty days.
six months.
Which type of reliability is directly affected by the heterogeneity of a test?
test-retest
inter-rater
alternate-forms or parallel-forms
internal consistency
internal consistency
This variety of error has also been referred to as “noise.” It is
random error.
systematic error.
background error.
transitory error.
random error.
The items of a personality test are characterized as heterogeneous in nature. This tells us that the test measures
unconscious motivation.
the ability to relate to the opposite sex.
more than one trait.
aspects of family history.
more than one trait.
Chapter 6
MISSING STUFF
Predictive and concurrent validity can be subsumed under
true score validity.
face validity.
criterion-related validity.
content validity.
criterion-related validity.
The validation of a test is a process
of gathering evidence of the test's validity.
All of the answers are correct.
that can be carried out by the test author.
that can be carried out by the test user.
All of the answers are correct.
Dr. Meehl's research seemed to demonstrate which of the following:
all of the answers are correct
statistical trends and testing was more accurate than clinician's judgement
clinicians should utilize more standardized tests when making decisions
best practice is to use both clinicians experience along with standardized testing
all of the answers are correct
Relating scores obtained on a test to other test scores or data from other assessment procedures is typically done in an effort to establish the _____ validity of a test.
criterion-related
face
about-face
content-related
criterion-related
Which type of error is likely to occur when a music critic, who is also a big fan of an artist, reviews the artist's latest album?
banding effect
halo effect
severity error
central tendency error
halo effect
Which is not a method of evaluating the validity of a test?
evaluating the content of the test
evaluating scores on the test as compared to scores obtained on other tests
evaluating the percentage of passing and failing grades on the test
evaluating test scores as they relate to predictions from a particular theory
evaluating the percentage of passing and failing grades on the test
_____ is defined as the degree to which an additional predictor explains something about the criterion measure that is not explained by predictors already in use.
Evidence of construct validity
A false positive rate
Incremental validity
Predictive validity
Incremental validity
Face validity
may influence the way a test taker approaches the situation.
is given short-shrift as compared to other indices of validity.
All of the answers are correct.
relates more to what a test appears to measure than what the test may actually measure.
All of the answers are correct.
Criterion contamination occurs when
subjects talk to one another about the test.
All of the answers are correct.
the characteristic being measured occurs with low frequency in the group being studied.
the criterion measure is influenced by the predictor measure.
the criterion measure is influenced by the predictor measure.
Each of the three approaches to validity assessment in the trinitarian model should best be thought of as
None of the answers is correct.
insufficient, either by themselves or together with the other two, to demonstrate the validity of a test.
one type of evidence that, with others, contributes to a judgment concerning the validity of a test.
a mutually exclusive evidence of a test's validity and any one approach is necessary and sufficient for demonstrating a test's validity.
one type of evidence that, with others, contributes to a judgment concerning the validity of a test.
Chapter 7
A valid test is always useful.
True
False
False
As noted in the article we reviewed on seminarian evaluations, one particular aspect of utility in these assessments is to evaluate for possible "red flags."
True
False
True
The Wonderlic is an example of a test that is both reliable and valid when utilized properly, but not always demonstrating utility.
Irue
False
True
"Will the use of police-worn body cameras reduce use-of-force complaints?" According to the textbook, this question is a question regarding
validity.
utility.
reliability.
None of the answers is correct.
utility
Validity is to __ as utility is to ....
accuracy; consistency
usetulness; consistency
usefulness; accuracy
accuracy; usefulness
accuracy; usefulness
As we discussed in class, utility can be based upon the
ーーーーー。
All of the answers are correct
the test taker
the test administrator
the referring agency
All of the answers are correct
Both the lecture and your textbook discussed some of the more frequently raised questions related to test utility. Which is not one of those questions
Is the time it takes to administer this test worth it?
Does this test measure what it purports to measure?
What is the practical value of using this test over another?
Is the cost of using this test worth the cost savings that may result?
Does this test measure what it purports to measure?
Consider an employment test that is highly accurate (about 98 percent correct in classifications), but very costly (about $5,000 per test). For which of the following positions would the use of the test be most warranted?
assistant buyer for Sam's Club
All of the answers are correct.
translator for the United States Ambassador to the United Nations
short-order cook for the President of the United States
translator for the United States Ambassador to the United Nations
In comparing one test to another in terms of utility, test users will evaluate whether
one tool of assessment is preferable to another.
All of the answers are correct.
one particular test is preferable to another.
no testing is better than testing.
All of the answers are correct.
In industrial settings, there are many noneconomic benefits to be derived for a company that runs an effective testing program. Which of the following is not one such benefit?
reduction in worker turnover
increase in the quality of workers' performance
decrease in worker healthcare benefits
decrease in the time taken to train workers
decrease in worker healthcare benefits
Essay questions:
Essay questions:
what are the ethical demensions that come up in testing and assesment?
the ethical code
the conditions in which its okay to break confidentiality and other ethical delimmas
chapter 2 stuff:
the ethics can get very messy..
ex: law and ethical standards may contradict, like abortion is legal, but your a mandated reporter when someone is pregregnant is drinking and it may cause fetal alcole syndrome. also you must report suacidality, but then assisted suacide is fine and dandy which makes NO sense. Interesting because the hippocratic oat: do no harm…
concerns:
only those who are trained should perform the test and assess.
the rights of test takers, informed consent(who pays, owns, how results used etc why etc and get right to the findings), cometency to consent to all of the above and privacy/ confidentiality
mits to Confidentiality
Exceptions to confidentiality include the legal obligations to:
•Inform appropriate health care or authorities of a client’s intention to end
his/her life.
•Release a client’s file if it is ordered by a court of law.
•If acting as a witness in Court, under oath, answer the questions asked by the
Court.
•Answer all questions of the Board of Psychology if the psychologist’s ethical
conduct is under investigation.
•Inform the proper authorities of the abuse or exploitation of a child, a senior
citizen or a handicapped person.
•Report a health professional who abused or exploited a client or patient.
•Inform a potential victim of violence of the client’s intention to inflict harm.
Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California (1974)
•Insurance review
📜 Core Ethical Principles in Testing
Informed Consent
Test-takers must know what the test is for, how results will be used, and their right to refuse or withdraw.
Confidentiality
Test results and personal data must be kept private unless specific exceptions apply (see below).
Competence
Only qualified professionals should administer, score, and interpret psychological assessments.
Fairness and Non-Bias
Tests should be free from cultural, gender, or socioeconomic bias and be appropriate for the person being assessed.
Appropriate Use
Tests must be used for their intended purposes (e.g., not using a depression inventory to assess intelligence).
Accurate Communication of Results
Results should be communicated clearly, honestly, and in a way that respects the client’s understanding and well-being
🔐 When Can Confidentiality Be Broken?
Confidentiality is a cornerstone of ethics in psychology — but it is not absolute.
✅ It's acceptable to break confidentiality if:
Danger to Self or Others
If a person is at risk of suicide, harming others, or engaging in dangerous behavior.
Legal Requirements
If ordered by a court or mandated by law (e.g., child abuse reporting laws, criminal investigations).
Consent is Given
If the client signs a release allowing their information to be shared with another party.
To Obtain Consultation
A psychologist may share limited information with another professional for supervision/consultation — but anonymity should be preserved if possible.
⚠ Common Ethical Dilemmas in Testing
Testing Without Consent
E.g., assessing a minor without parental or guardian permission.
Using Culturally Inappropriate Tests
Risk of misdiagnosis or invalid results.
Pressure from Employers or Schools
E.g., a school demanding test results without proper authorization.
Misuse of Test Results
E.g., using test data to unfairly label or exclude someone from opportunities.
Conflicts of Interest
E.g., being asked to assess a friend, relative, or employee.
Essay questions:
what are the possible reasonsons someone may be reffered to you? the possible referral reasons for psuychological testing and assesmnet?
chapter 1
• School = IEP, 504, Risk for harm and suicidality
• Physician = R/O mental heath dx, ADHD, gastric bypass
• Attorney = Competency to stand trial, mental health concerns
• Vocational Rehab/SSDI = Determination of disability, impairment
• Human Resources = workplace issues/ return to work requirement or promotion into executive leadership positions
• Law Enforcement/FBI = Fitness for Duty evaluations
• Religious Orders/Diocese = Candidates for seminary, religious life, permanent diaconate, pastors
• Admission to residential treatment = part of intake
• Self-referral = desire to grow in insight and self-awareness
Essay questions:
what are the different assumptions that underlie testing and assesment?
the assumptions about the constructs
chapter 4 shit
Assumption 1: Psychological traits and states exist.
Assumption 2: Traits and states can be quantified and measured.
Assumption 3: Test-related behavior predicts non-test-related behavior.
Assumption 4: All tests have limits and imperfections.
Assumption 5: Various sources of error are part of the assessment process
Assumption 6: Unfair and biased assessment procedures can be
identified and reformed.
Assumption 7: Testing and assessment benefit society.
How to remember: Every quiet person likes errotic, ugly bannas… wink wink
Essay questions:
explain reliability, validity and utilitity, and explain it in a concrete example.
What are the differences between reliability, validity and utility, well firt we must understand what they are.
Relaibiloity is when a test produces the same results. That is, the individuals who take a test consistantly perform the same on the test. It means there is a repitiion of a result. For example, if an individual gets a 78% on two consectuive, same exact tests (test and retest) the test has shown relaibility, repition of scores.
Validity on the other hand, is saying the tool u=you are using to test/assess for something is actually measurings the correct construct it claims to be measuring. For example, a scale that accuratley measures a persons weight would need to be both reliable (gives the same, consistant weight for a person) and it would need to measure the persons weight (measuring the correct construct it claims to measure). A test that is valid must be relaible, but a relaible test does not always need to be valid. EX: the scale could be off by 50 pounds (not valid, actually measuring the accurate correct construct of weight) but if it consistantly measures weight off by 50 lbs, then it is reliable.
Utility measures the usefullness of the test, afterall if it offers nothing then whats the point of taking a test or assesmnet? A test can be both relable and valid and also not be useful. For example, the wonderlic test, is reliable and valid but is not so useful within the NFL but for other areasa, such as job assesment of sucess, its more useful.