lymph + immune (copy)

What is the main function of the lymphatic system?

The lymphatic system recovers fluids and provides an immune defense.

What is lymph?

Lymph is a fluid collected from tissues that is transported through lymphatic vessels.

What happens when lymph drainage is impaired?

Lymphatic buildup occurs in tissue.

How does the immune system respond to pathogens that enter tissue?

Pathogens are picked up by lymph, travel to lymph nodes, where immune cells multiply and immune activity occurs.

What is splenomegaly?

Splenomegaly is an enlargement of the spleen.

Where is the spleen located?

The spleen is located in the upper left area of the abdomen near the stomach.

What is the role of the splenic artery?

The splenic artery carries blood to the spleen.

What occurs in the cisterna chyli?

It is a large collecting reservoir for lymph located in the lower abdomen.

What is chylous leakage?

Chylous leakage is the leakage of milky white dietary fats due to surgeries or injuries.

What does the thoracic duct do?

The thoracic duct collects lymph from most of the body and empties it into the cardiovascular system.

What aids the movement of lymph through the lymphatic system?

Skeletal muscle contractions, breathing movements, pressure changes, and contraction of smooth muscles.

What is the right lymphatic duct?

It returns lymph from the right upper portion of the body back to the bloodstream.

What is edema?

Edema is swelling caused by damage to lymph nodes or lymphatic vessels.

What is the main role of tonsils in the immune system?

Tonsils detect and respond to pathogens entering through the mouth or nose.

What is tonsillitis?

Tonsillitis is inflammation or infection of the tonsils.

Where do lymph nodes filter lymph?

Lymph nodes filter lymph and monitor it for pathogens.

What happens to lymph in the lymph nodes?

Lymph slows down and allows immune cells to inspect it.

What type of cells are found in lymph nodes?

Macrophages, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and dendritic cells.

What do lacteals do?

Lacteals are lymphatic capillaries that absorb dietary fats.

What does cell-mediated immunity involve?

It involves T cells recognizing and destroying infected or abnormal cells.

What is antibody-mediated immunity?

It protects against extracellular environment invaders like bacteria, toxins, and viruses.

What do memory B cells do?

Memory B cells remember a specific antigen for faster response on subsequent exposures.

What is the role of CD4 T cells?

CD4 T cells coordinate the immune response by activating other immune cells.

What functions do cytotoxic T cells perform?

Cytotoxic T cells recognize and destroy infected or abnormal body cells.

What are the consequences of neutrophilia?

Neutrophilia is an increased neutrophil count that can occur in infections or stress.

What role do macrophages play in the immune system?

Macrophages eat pathogens and help activate other immune responses.

What are basophils?

Basophils are white blood cells involved in allergic reactions and inflammation.

How does histamine affect blood vessels?

Histamine causes vasodilation and increased vascular permeability.

What happens during an allergic reaction?

Histamine is released, leading to inflammation and allergy symptoms.

What do mast cells do?

Mast cells release histamine and other chemicals during inflammatory responses.

What is the significance of corticosteroids in infection management?

Corticosteroids suppress inflammation, which can hinder the immune response to infections.

What is regulatory T cells (Tregs) function?

Tregs help reduce or control immune responses to prevent excessive activity.

What is naturally acquired active immunity?

Naturally acquired active immunity occurs when a person becomes infected and their immune system produces antibodies.

What is artificial active immunity?

Artificial active immunity occurs when a vaccine introduces an antigen, stimulating the immune system's response.

What is natural passive immunity?

Natural passive immunity occurs when a person receives antibodies from another person, like a mother to her baby.

What is artificial passive immunity?

Artificial passive immunity is given when a person receives antibodies produced by another source.