POHS Midterm

HIV

blood

HBV

blood, saliva, and bodily fluids

HCV

blood

HDV

blood and coinfection with HBV

HEV

fecal/oral and contaminated water or hands

HSI-1 and HSV-2 (sold sore, herpetic whitlow, herpetic, and gingivostomatitis)

saliva, direct, and indirect contact

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

nasal discharge, droplets, saliva, and sputum

SARS-CoV-2

nasal discharge, droplets, saliva, and sputum

Influenza A,B,C

nasal discharge, droplets, saliva, and sputum

Morbillivirus

direct contact, saliva, AIRBORNE

HPV

sexual contact and mucous membrane

Cloth and paper

least effective

ASTM 1

low fluid exposure

ASTM 2

moderate fluid exposure

ASTM 3

high/heavy fluid exposure

N95 and KN95

pandemic and treatment of infected patients

What are the three modes of transportion?

direct contact, droplet transmission, and indirect transmission

What is direct contact?

physical contact via skin, non-tactile skin, and mucous membrane

What is an agent that can be transmitted via direct contact?

herpes virus

What is droplet transmission?

transmission via coughing, sneezing, and/or talking

What is an agent that can be transmitted via droplet transmission?

influenza, covid-19, and common cold

What is indirect transmission?

skin that encounters contaminated vehicle, vector, or particles in the air

What are the two types of indirect transmission?

airborne transmission and bloodborne transmission

what is airborne transmission?

aerosols from saliva, oro/nasapharynx

What is an agent that can be transmitted airborne transmission?

TB, COVOID-19, and measles

What is blood-borne transmission?

blood from infected sharp object, injury, or break in skin

What is an agent that can be transmitted via bloodborne transmission?

Hep B and HIV

What is the order of chain of infection?

1.infectious agents

2. reservoir 

3. mode of exit

4. mode of transportation 

5. mode of entry

6. susceptible host 

low-level disinfectants

inactivates vegetative bacteria and certain lipid-type viruses, does NOT destroy spores

intermediate level of disinfectants

inactivates microbes, does NOT destroy spores

high-level disinfectants

inactivate microbes, and limited destruction of spores

sterilant disinfectants

destroy ALL microbes, including spores