BPH, Glomerular disorders

what is BPH

restricted urine flow through the prostate

what causes BPH

aging and hormones like dihydrotestosterone

what are s/s BPH

nocturia, dribbling post void, weak stream, straining to urinate

how is BPH diagnosed

DRE, PSA, MRI

how is BPH treated

urethral stent, TURP, prostatectomy, alpha 1 blockers

what does a TURP do for BPH

remove small parts of the prostate to increase urine flow and relieve symptoms

what are post op of a TURP care

avoid lifting >10lbs, home cath teachings, monitor vitals, UO should be pink with small clots, hydration, CBI

what are risks after a TURP

bleeding, infection, damage to bladder/urethra, sexual dysfunction

what do glomeruli do

remove waste and excess fluid

what causes acute glomerulonephritis

untreated strep, autoimmune, and idiopathic things

how is acute glomerulonephritis diagnosed

physical exam, lab tests, UA, biopsy

what are s/s of acute glomerulonephritis

hematuria, proteinuria, periorbital edema, fluid overload, HTN, fatigue

what is a secondary cause of chronic glomerulonephritis

HTN, DM, infection

how is chronic glomerulonephritis diagnosed

physical exam, UA, blood tests, biopsy

what can chronic glomerulonephritis lead to

kidney failure

what are s/s of chronic glomerulonephritis

proteinuria, hematuria, HTN, edema, fatigue

how is acute glomerulonephritis treated

focused on cause, restrict fluids, lifestyle changes

what diet needs to be implemented for pts with glomerulonephritis

restrict Na, K, and protein

what is nephrotic syndrome

kidney disease with edema, loss of protein from plasma, increased glomerular permeability

what is the primary cause of nephrotic syndrome

minimal change kidney disease or focal segmental glomerulosis

what causes secondary nephrotic syndrome

other systemic disorders

what are s/s of nephrotic syndrome

albuminuria, hyperlipidemia, edema, low albumin

how is nephrotic syndrome diagnosed

UA, blood work, biopsy

what is the treatment for nephrotic syndrome

fluid and Na restrictions, meds, strict I&Os

what meds are used to treat nephrotic syndrome

corticosteroids, ace inhibitors, anti-lipid

What do labs look like in pts with nephrotic syndrome

low albumin, serum protein, and oncotic pressure

what happens to protein with nephrotic syndrome

Losing protein, dropping through the kidneys

what will a UA look like in pts with nephrotic syndrome

high protein and albumin

what causes nephrolithiasis

high calcium and sodium and low fluid intake

what is nephrolithiasis

hard mineral deposits form in the kidneys

what are meds for glomerulonephritis

immunosuppressants, antibiotics, and diuretics