Unit 6: New Ideologies and Second Wave Imperialism (1750-1900)

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts from Unit 6 on ideologies leading to the second wave of imperialism from 1750 to 1900.

Nationalism

A sense of commonality among a people based on shared language, religion, and social customs, often linked with a desire for self-rule.

Scientific Racism

The belief that humans can be hierarchically ranked based on race, using pseudoscientific methods to justify the superiority of certain races.

Social Darwinism

A theory that applies the idea of 'survival of the fittest' from biological evolution to human societies, suggesting that stronger nations have a right to conquer weaker ones.

Civilizing Mission

The belief that Western societies had a duty to bring the benefits of their civilization and culture to what they considered 'lower civilizations'.

Enlightenment Ideas

Concepts that emphasized liberty and self-governance, which contrasted with the act of dominating other peoples during the second wave of imperialism.

Phrenology

A pseudoscience that claimed to determine characteristics of a person based on the shape and size of their skull.

Maritime Empires

Sea-based empires that primarily focused on dominating trade routes, particularly in the Indian Ocean.

Industrial Revolution

A period of industrial growth that significantly impacted social, economic, and political structures in the 18th and 19th centuries, contributing to new imperialist ideologies.