AP Pre-Calc Vocab

vocab from units 1-4

Used to determine if the graph is a function; if only one intersection, graph is a function.

Vertical Line Test

A mathematical relation that maps an input value to exactly one output value

function

Represented by the independent variable in a relation.

Domain

Represented by the dependent variable in a relation.

Range

Determines if the relation is increasing or decreasing

Rate of Change

Change in the rate of change in a graph.

Concavity

Slope between two points on a graph.

Average Rate of Change

Change in the rate of change in a graph.

Concavity

The largest exponent in the equation.

Degree of a polynomial

Places where a graph changes from increasing to decreasing or vice versa.

Relative Extrema

Largest or smallest value of a graph.

Absolute Extrema

Used to determine if the graph is a function; if only one intersection, graph is a function.

Vertical Line Test

Places where a graph changes from concave up to concave down or vice versa.

Point of Inflection

X-intercept, root, or solution

Zero of a Polynomial

How many times a solution occurs in a polynomial.

Multiplicity of a Root / Zero

Imaginary roots of the form a+bi and a-bi.

Conjugate Numbers

A function symmetric over the y-axis.

Even Function

A function symmetric over the x-axis.

Odd Function

Describes how a function behaves as it moves infinitely to the right and left.

End Behavior

Values where the denominator equals zero.

Vertical Asymtote

Values where the end behavior approaches.

Horizontal Asymtote

Slant Asymtote

Linear equation obtained when the numerator is divided by the denominator in some rational equations.

Binomial Theorem

A method to expand an exponential expressing using Pascal's Triangle.

Pascal’s Triangle

a triangular arrangement of numbers that gives the coefficients in the expansion of any binomial expression, such as (x + y)ⁿ.

Holes in a polynomial

Occurs when a factor in the denominator cancels out with a factor in the numerator.

Regression

An approximation equation used to predict values.

Residuals

Actual value - predicted value

Arithmetic Sequences

Sequences with a common difference

Geometric Sequences

Sequences with a common ratio.

Exponential Growth

An exponential equation with a common ratio greater than 1.

Exponential Decay

An exponential equation with a common ratio between 0 and 1.