Mitosis and Meiosis: Cell Division, Stages, and Genetic Diversity

What does mitosis produce?

Two genetically identical diploid daughter cells

What does meiosis produce?

Four genetically different haploid daughter cells

Purpose of mitosis

Growth, repair, and replacement of body cells

Purpose of meiosis

Produce gametes (egg and sperm) with half the DNA

What happens in Prophase I?

Homologous chromosomes pair up and crossing over occurs

What lines up in Metaphase (mitosis)?

Individual chromosomes line up single file

What lines up in Metaphase I?

Homologous chromosome pairs (tetrads)

What lines up in Metaphase II?

Individual chromosomes in haploid cells, single file

What separates in Anaphase (mitosis)?

Sister chromatids

What separates in Anaphase I?

Homologous chromosomes

What separates in Anaphase II?

Sister chromatids in haploid cells

Haploid definition

Half the number of chromosomes (n)

Diploid definition

Full set of chromosomes (2n)

When are haploid cells first formed?

After Meiosis I

What increases genetic diversity in meiosis?

Crossing over and independent assortment

Crossing over occurs in

Prophase I

Homologous pairs are present in

Meiosis I only

Sister chromatids separate in

Anaphase (mitosis) and Anaphase II

Homologous chromosomes separate in

Anaphase I

Which phase has tetrads?

Metaphase I

Which division is similar to mitosis?

Meiosis II

How many cells after mitosis?

Two Identical cells

How many cells after meiosis?

Four Haploid genetically different cells

When does DNA replication occur?

Interphase before mitosis or meiosis

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