NCM 101 RLE - Abdomen

Koilonychia

a malformation of the nails in which the outer surface is concave or scooped out like the bowl of a spoon

Asterixis

aka Liver Flap, a flapping tremor of the hands. When the client extends the arms & hands in front of the body, the hands rapidly flex & extend.

Scleral Icterus

yellowing of the sclera due to jaundice

Symmetrical & Movement with Respiration, Scar, Striae, Stoma, Shape of Umbilicus, Shape of Flank, and Skin Lesion

the 7s of Abdominal inspection

Full Flank Shape

rounded or convex contour along the lateral aspect of the abdomen; excess fat deposition

Straight Flank Shape

-more linear and less rounded; associated with leaner body composition or less abdominal fat

Empty Flank Shape

concave or sunken appearance along the lateral abdomen; lack of subcutaneous fat or muscle; severe malnutrition or cachexia (extreme weight loss and muscle wasting)

Aortic Aneurysm

A weakness in the wall of the aorta that makes it susceptible to rupture. Pulsation will be visible in the abdomen

Intestinal Obstruction

If the peristalsis is visible, there's?

Cullen's Signs

Ecchymosis around umbilicus, bleeding in abdominal cavity. Bluish Perumblical Colour

SVC Obstruction

caused by a lung mass, lymphoma, thrombosis;

resulting in swollen face, cyanosis, right arm swelling. Signs include Prominent Veins

Caput Medusae

dilated abdominal veins

Visible Gastric Peristalsis

commonly seen in neonates with congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

Visible Intestinal Peristalsis

partial and chronic intestinal obstruction.

Grey Turner Sign

ecchymoses of the flanks associated with fulminant hemorrhagic pancreatitis; very poor prognostic sign

Abdominal Girth

a measurement of the circumference around the abdomen at the umbilicus (navel)

Borborygmi

hyperactive loud gurgling sounds maybe heard due to hyperperistalsis

5- 30 times/minute.

Normal Bowel sounds

Hypoactive Bowel Sounds

are soft and widely separated occurring less than 5 times/min

Hyperactive Bowel Sounds

are loud and high-pitched, occurring more than 30 times/min.

Silent Abdomen

pertains to the absence of bowel sounds.

Paralytic Ileus

Obstruction of the intestine due to paralysis of intestinal muscle • Few or No bowel sound are heard

Xyphoid Process

bottom of sternum. This is where you should put the stethoscope to check for abdominal bruit

Audible Vascular Sound or Bruit

caused by turbulent flow in large arteries. It produces a swishing sound

Clockwise

You should percuss the abdominal quadrants in a _____ manner

Indirect Percussion

Method of Percussion used in the abdomen

Tympany

should be heard across the abdomen as the normal percussion sound for the intestines and stomach

Dullness

should be heard over the liver.

Dullness

in the abdominal regions may indicate fluid accumulation, bloatedness or distension, fecal retention in the bowels, urinary retention, or possible intra-abdominal mass.

Shifting Dullness

A Test for Ascites or Presence of fluid in the abdomen

Light Palpation

What type of palpation is used for the abdomen

Deep Palpation

done to check for the structure of visceral organs, as well as for the assessment of rebound tenderness.

Blumberg's Sign or Rebound Tenderness

Technique used for tenderness when abdominal pain reported. seen in cases of acute appendicitis.

Deep palpation

Used only for the bladder

Three times

The spleen is not palpable but when it increases ________ of its size, it would be felt during palpation

Fluid Wave Test

ulnar edge of patient's hand on the abdomen midline; place your left hand on their right flank; use your right hand to strike the left flank; you should feel no change in your left hand (positive = large amounts of ascetic fluid) Test for Ascites

Hypersensitivity Test

Test for Appendicitis:

-Stroke the abdomen with a sharp object or grasp a fold of skin with your thumb or index finger and quickly let go. Do this several times along the abdominal wall

Normal: No abdominal pain or exaggerated sensation

Abnormal: Pain or an exaggerated sensation felt in the RLQ (positive hypersensitivity), may indicate appendicitis

Hepatomegaly

Enlarged Liver

Cholecytomegaly

Enlarged Gallbladder

Splenomegaly

Enlarged Spleen

Nephromegaly

Enlarged Kidney