Experiment 4: Properties of Carbohydrates

Flashcards for Experiment 4: Properties of Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates

Compounds with the general molecular formula Cr(H2O), once considered hydrates of carbon.

Monosaccharides

The simplest carbohydrates, which can be polyhydroxy aldehydes (aldoses) or polyhydroxy ketones (ketoses).

Trioses

Monosaccharides with 3 carbons.

Tetroses

Monosaccharides with 4 carbons.

Pentoses

Monosaccharides with 5 carbons.

Hexoses

Monosaccharides with 6 carbons.

Cyclic Hemiacetal

Cyclic forms of monosaccharides where the aldehyde or ketone group reacts with an -OH group.

Anomers of Glucose

Different forms of glucose (alpha and beta) that are interconvertible in solution.

Disaccharide

Formed when two monosaccharides combine with the loss of water.

Glycosidic Bond

The bond that connects two monosaccharide units in a disaccharide.

Polysaccharide

Consist of many monosaccharides linked together, such as starch, pectin, glycogen, and cellulose.

Molisch's Test

A test used for qualitative detection of carbohydrates using Molisch's reagent and concentrated sulfuric acid.

Reducing Sugar

Carbohydrates that are oxidized by a weak oxidizing agent in basic aqueous solutions.

Non-reducing Sugar

Sugars that do not contain a free anomeric carbon.

Benedict's Reagent

Reagent used to test for reducing sugars, resulting in a brick red precipitate of cuprous oxide.

Picric Acid Test

Test using saturated picric acid solution in alkaline conditions to detect reducing sugars, indicated by a mahogany red color.

Moore's Test

Test where reducing sugars at basic environment which have free carbonyl groups produces caramel with a brown color and characteristic odor.

Barfoed's Test

Test to distinguish between monosaccharides and disaccharides based on the formation of a brick red precipitate of Cu2O.

Seliwanoff's Test

Test used to distinguish aldoses from ketoses, resulting in a cherry red complex with ketoses.

Bial's Test

Test used to distinguish pentoses from hexoses, resulting in a bluish green solution with pentoses.

Iodine Test

Test used for polysaccharides, forming a complex with iodine resulting in a color change.