8/18/26 Flashcards before the final test

What is a hypervisor?

A hypervisor is software or firmware that creates and manages virtual machines.

What are the two main types of hypervisors?

Type 1 (bare-metal) runs directly on hardware; Type 2 runs on top of an operating system.

What is IaaS?

Infrastructure as a Service; provides virtualized computing resources such as servers, storage, and networking.

What is PaaS?

Platform as a Service; provides a platform/environment for developing and deploying applications.

What is SaaS?

Software as a Service; provides software applications over the internet, usually through a subscription.

What is an example of SaaS?

Microsoft 365, Google Workspace, Salesforce, or similar cloud applications.

What is phishing?

A social engineering attack that tricks users into revealing information or clicking malicious links.

What is the principle of least privilege?

Users should receive only the permissions necessary to perform their job.

What does MFA stand for?

Multifactor Authentication.

Why is MFA more secure than a password alone?

It requires two or more authentication factors, so stealing one factor isn't enough.

What is a private IPv4 address?

An IP address reserved for use inside private networks and not directly routable on the public internet.

What are the private IPv4 ranges?

10.0.0.0–10.255.255.255, 172.16.0.0–172.31.255.255, and 192.168.0.0–192.168.255.255.

Is 172.16.5.10 a private IP address?

Yes.

Is 8.8.8.8 a private IP address?

No. It is a public IP address.

What does a router do?

A router connects different networks and forwards traffic between them.

What does a switch do?

A switch connects devices within the same local network.

What does an access point do?

An access point provides wireless network connectivity to devices.

What command tests whether another device is reachable over a network?

ping.

What does ping use to test connectivity?

ICMP.

What does ipconfig do?

Displays and manages IP configuration information in Windows.

What does DNS do?

Translates domain names into IP addresses.

What does DHCP do?

Automatically assigns IP configuration such as IP addresses, subnet masks, gateways, and DNS servers.

What is a full backup?

A backup that copies all selected data every time it runs.

What is an incremental backup?

A backup that copies data changed since the most recent backup of any type.

What is a differential backup?

A backup that copies data changed since the last full backup.

Which backup type takes the longest to create?

Usually a full backup.

Which backup type generally requires the most backups to restore?

Incremental backups, because you need the last full backup plus each required incremental backup.

A computer powers on but displays no video. What should you check first?

Check the monitor, power, display cable, and correct display input before replacing major components.

What is the first step when troubleshooting a computer problem?

Identify the problem.

What should you do after implementing a solution?

Verify full system functionality and, if applicable, implement preventive measures.