ORAL COMMUNICATION REVIEWER

It is a process of conveying, information, ideas, thoughts, or

feelings between individuals or groups

Communication

Latin Term of Communication

Communicare

Communication is ongoing and continuous, not a one-time act.

Process

Once a message is sent and received, it cannot be taken back.

Irreversible

People are always communicating, whether through words, actions, or even silence.

Unavoidable/ Inevitable

Communication depends on the situation, place, culture, and relationship of people involved.

Contextual

Communication involves mutual exchange, where people send and receive messages at the same time

Transactional

when you deliberately send a message (e.g., giving a speech, asking a question, sending a text).

Intentional

when you send a message without meaning to (e.g., yawning during class might signal boredom, even if you’re just tired).

Unintentional

presents communication as a one-way process.

The sender is the only active participant who sends a

message through a channel to the passive receiver.

This model does not include feedback.

Inventors/Proponents: Aristotle (384-322 BCE) and

Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver (1949)

Linear Model

Rhetorical Model

His model is one of the earliest frameworks of

communication, primarily designed for public

speaking and persuasion.

It emphasizes the role of the speaker in shaping the

message to influence the audience effectively

Aristotle Model

Developed by Claude Shannon and Warren

Weaver in 1949

Mathematical/Transmission Model

It is a linear model that describes how a message is

transmitted from a sender to a receiver through a

communication channel.

Commonly used to explain communication in

technological and mass media contexts

Shannon-Weaver Model

Speaker-centered – great for speeches and debates.

Aristotle Model

Message-centered – great for analyzing how communication can fail

Shannon-weaver Model

Explain that communication is a give-and-take process.

It shows that both the sender and the receiver

actively participate in the communication exchange.

Unlike linear models, which are one-directional,

interactive models include feedback.

interactive model

He added the concept of shared “Field of

Experience” and feedback.

Communication only works if both people have

something in common.

Feedback shows the process is two-way.

Sender and receiver switch roles continuously

Schramms Model

Best for mass communication, like news and social media.

Communication is triggered by events or issues (from the environment).

Involves a gatekeeper (like a reporter or editor) who filters or edits the

message.

Audience may or may not give feedback

Westley Maclean Model

views communication as a

two-way, simultaneous process where all participants

are senders and receivers at the same time.

It recognizes that communication is continuous,

shaped by context, noise, feedback, and personal

experiences

Transactional Model

Developed by Dean Barnlund in 1970.

“Communication is a complex, continuous, and

simultaneous process.”

It happens through verbal and non-verbal cues,

with constant feedback.

Communication is influenced by private and public

cues, messages, and noise

Barnlunds Model

Developed by Frank Dance in 1967.

Represents communication as a continuous,

dynamic, and evolving process.

“Helical” because it reflects how communication

builds over time.

Communication is ongoing; it never stops. Even

silence can communicate something.

Past experiences influence how we communicate

in the present.

It changes depending on time, context, and

relationships

Dance Helical Model