Chapter 2: School Law and Organization

Vocabulary flashcards covering Chapter 2 School Law and Organization topics, including educational legislation, hierarchy, IEP requirements, assessment strategies, legal principles, and major Supreme Court cases.

ESSA

Every Student Succeeds Act; replaced NCLB.

CCS

Common Core State Standards Initiative; state-level standards where state governance holds the largest financial role.

District Level Hierarchy

School Board > Superintendent > Principal > Teacher.

Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Section 504

Legislation stating that programs receiving federal funding of any kind are not allowed to exclude children or youth with disabilities and must find reasonable ways to accommodate them; broader than other special education laws.

Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA)

Legislation extended to all employment and jobs, not just those receiving federal funding, calling for accommodations at all public facilities (buses, restrooms, telephones).

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

First passed in 1975, focuses specifically on education and guarantees rights to education for anyone with a disability up to age 21.

Rights Guaranteed Under IDEA

1.) Free, appropriate education, 2.) Due process, 3.) Fair evaluation of performance in spite of disability, 4.) Education in the least restrictive environment, and 5.) An individualized educational program (IEP).

Teacher Responsibilities for Exceptional Students

1.) Provide alternative methods of assessment, 2.) Arrange a learning environment as normal or least restrictive as possible, and 3.) Participate in creating individual educational plans.

Portfolios

A collection of the student's work that demonstrates the student's development over time.

Informally Recording

A collection of informal notes over observations of the student that can be considered for assessment.

Least Restrictive Environment

Involves placing exceptional students in a combination of settings as much as possible with regular classroom students.

Individual Educational Plan (IEP) Meeting Participants

Regular education teacher, special education teacher, student's parent or guardian, possibly school administrators, and outside professionals (psychologist, physician, speech therapist, etc.).

Required IEP Components

Current social and academic strengths and needs, educational goals or objectives for the year, list of special services to be provided, and how progress will be assessed at the end of the school year.

in loco parentis

Legal doctrine giving teachers the right to act in the best interest of the child.

Limit on Student Constitutional Rights

A student's Constitutional right will be protected only as long as their exercise does not endanger the health or academic progress of others.

Tinker v. DesMoines

First Amendment court case concerning students wearing armbands.

Morse v. Frederick

First Amendment court case concerning a student displaying a banner.

New Jersey v. T.L.O.

Search and seizure court case involving a student smoking in the bathroom and the search of her purse.

State of Iowa v. Marzel Jones

Search and seizure court case involving the search of a student's locker.

Vernonia School District v. Acton

Search and seizure court case establishing mandatory drug testing.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Legislation prohibiting discrimination based on race, color, or national origin.

Title IX

Legislation prohibiting discrimination based on gender.

Family Education Right and Privacy Act (FERPA)

Legislation establishing that school records are open to parents and students.

ESSA

Every Student Succeeds Act, which replaced NCLB (No Child Left Behind).

State Governance in Education

Level of governance that holds most of the power, has the largest financial role, and uses initiatives like the Common Core State Standards (CCS).

District Level Hierarchy

The organizational structure consisting of School Board > Superintendent > Principal > Teacher.

Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Section 504

Law stating that programs receiving federal funding of any kind cannot exclude children or youth with disabilities and must find reasonable ways to accommodate them; broader than other laws providing special education services.

Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA)

Law extended to all employment and jobs (not just those receiving Federal funding) that calls for accommodations at all public facilities, including buses, restrooms, and telephones.

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

Law first passed in 1975 that is focused on education and guarantees rights to education for anyone with a disability up to age 21.

Guaranteed Rights Under IDEA

Five specific rights: 1) Free, appropriate education, 2) Due process, 3) Fair evaluation of performance in spite of disability, 4) Education in the least restrictive environment, and 5) An individualized educational program (IEP).

Teacher Responsibilities for Exceptional Students

Duties including providing alternative methods of assessment, arranging a learning environment that is as normal or least restrictive as possible, and participating in creating individual educational plans.

Portfolios

A collection of the student's work that demonstrates the student's development over time, used as an alternative assessment method.

Informally Recording

A collection of informal notes over observations of the student that can be considered for assessment.

Least Restrictive Environment

Involves exceptional students being placed in a combination of settings as much as possible with regular classroom students.

IEP Team Members

The group that provides input for a student's IEP, including a regular education teacher, special education teacher, the student's parent or guardian, possibly school administrators, and outside professionals (psychologist, physician, speech therapist, etc.).

Required Components of an IEP

Includes current social and academic strengths and needs, educational goals or objectives for the year, a list of special services to be provided, how progress will be assessed at the end of the school year, and transitional planning for older adolescents nearing the end of public schooling.

in loco parentis

Legal and ethical concept that gives teachers the right to act in the best interest of the child.

Student First Amendment Right Standard

Principle stating a student's Constitutional right will be protected only as long as their exercise does not endanger the health or academic progress of others.

Tinker v. DesMoines

First Amendment court case concerning students wearing armbands.

Morse v. Frederick

First Amendment court case concerning a student banner.

New Jersey v. T.L.O.

Search and seizure case involving a student smoking in a bathroom and a search of her purse.

State of Iowa v. Marzel Jones

Search and seizure case concerning the search of a student locker.

Vernonia School District v. Acton

Search and seizure case concerning mandatory drug testing.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Legislation prohibiting discrimination based on race, color, or national origin.

Title IX

Legislation prohibiting discrimination based on gender.

Family Education Right and Privacy Act - (FERPA)

Act stipulating that school records are open to parents and students.