2.11 coastal management

What does DEFRA stand for?

Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs

What are the 4 ways in which DEFRA manages the coast?

1. Hold the line
2. Advance the line
3. Do nothing
4. Managed retreat

How many coastal advisory groups are there?

11 CAG's

defence strategies that aim to stop altogether or alter a natural process

What is soft engineering?

defence strategies that aim to work with a natural process to reduce coastal erosion or flooding

What is hard and soft engineering an example of?

Hold the Line

What is managed retreat?

Allows an area that was not previously exposed to flooding by the sea to become flooded by removing coastal protection

What management strategy is in place by the Environmental Agency in Seaford?

Hold the line approach to retain Seaford

How many properties are at risk between Newhaven and Seaford?

1108

How many businesses are at risk between Newhaven and Newhaven and Seaford?

261

How many major floods have occurred in Seaford since 1703?

20

What are typical sustainable management schemes like?

* localised
* small scale
* bottom up/community driven
* environmentally friendly

- cheaper

- longer-lasting

- holistic

What is the average property price in Seaford?

£400,000

What is the potential cost of flood damage on the Seaford coastline?

£166 million in housing

What isostatic change is the Seaford coast experiencing?

- fall in land level, sinking by 2mm each year

- sea is rising 2mm per year\= combined sea level rise of 4mm

What did the seasonal changes in 2014 cause on the Seaford coastline?

v-shaped joint collapsed

- 3m of chalk fell into the sea

What is the annual average rate of erosion at Cuckmere haven?

30-50cm per year

What is Seaford's total annual sea level rise?

3-4mm

What is the average annual rate of coastal recession at Birling Gap?

60-74cm per year

How much land was lost in the 2016 rock fall at the Seaford coastline?

1.2 m of land

What river is Newhaven located on?

the River Great Ouse

What is the topography like at the Seaford coastline?

- low-lying

- little protection when flooded or if there is a rock fall

- low cliff

How many passenger use the Newhaven to Dieppe ferry each year?

1 million passengers

How many people visit the Cuckmere Haven estuary each year?

460,000 people

How many people lie in Seaford?

25,000 live in Seaford

What are the cliffs at Beachy Head like?

- Chalk cliffs

- Unconsolidated material

- Permeable

How does the erosion rate differ along the Seaford coast?

Seaford: 30cm/y

Cuckmere Haven: 30-50cm/y

Birling Gap: 70-74cm/y

Why is the Seaford coastline at risk?

- Major flooding

- Isostatic fall in land level + sea level rise

Topography: low-lying

- Land use: economic value

- Chalk cliffs

How many breeding pairs of Kittiwakes on the Seaford coastline?

30,000 breeding pairs

What are the Seven Sisters cliffs classified as?

- Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB)

- Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI)

What sediment cell is the Seaford coastline in?

4

subcell: 4b

What engineering strategy is in use at Seaford and Newhaven?

Hold the Line

What engineering strategy is in use at the Seven Sisters cliffs?

Do nothing

What engineering strategy is in use at Cuckmere Haven?

Managed retreat

What does the geometric rock armour at Seaford protect?

the Napoleonic fort

What hard engineering strategies are in use at the Seaford coastline?

Harbour arm

Groyne

What sofr engineering strategies are in use at the Seaford coastline?

Beach nourishment

What is the groyne in Seaford called?

Splash Point

What happens when the shingle accumulates at the Splash Point groyne?

Twice a year, its taken and used to replenish the beach at the Western end of Seaford to build up a wider beach to act as a buffer to the waves

How many coastguard cottages remain at Cuckmere Haven?

3

What does the harbour arm at Newhaven protect?

- Stops longshore drift across the river mouth so the ferries can continue to run

- Creating a beach to the west of the harbour arm

- Built up deep, sheltered channel

- Stop materials coming down the coast

What conditions does the harbour arms at Newhaven create for the ferries?

sheltered, calm for ferries, deep, free from sediment

When was the seawall built at Seaford?

1930

When was the seawall at Seaford breached?

1953 storm surge

How much does the beach nourishment cost at Seaford?

£250,000

How many times is beach nourishment carried out in Seaford each year?

x2

needs to take place more if storm occurs