Electrolytes and Kidney Function Overview

A set of flashcards focusing on electrolytes, kidney function, and their clinical implications, designed to aid in exam preparation.

What is the narrow normal range for potassium in blood tests?

3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L.

What is a consequence of hypokalemia in the heart?

The heart becomes irritable.

What can high sodium levels lead to?

Seizures.

What does the kidneys' secretion of erythropoietin stimulate?

The bone marrow to produce red blood cells.

What happens when blood pressure is low and detected by the baroreceptors?

Renin is released, activating the RAS system.

What is the role of aldosterone in blood pressure regulation?

To retain water and sodium, which raises blood pressure.

How is daily weight measurement relevant for patients on diuretics?

It helps measure fluid loss and adjust treatment accordingly.

What does an elevated BUN typically indicate in clinical settings?

Dehydration.

What signifies acute kidney injury in relation to BUN and creatinine levels?

Elevated BUN and creatinine levels, particularly if new.

What test is used to assess the effectiveness of diuretics?

Monitoring urine output.

How many liters correspond to one kilogram in weight?

One kilogram equals one liter.

What triggers the release of renin in the kidneys?

Low blood volume or pressure.

What is the mean arterial pressure threshold needed to perfuse organs?

At least 60 mmHg.

Which system is activated by low blood pressure to raise it?

The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAS).

What effect does angiotensin II have on blood vessels?

It is a potent vasoconstrictor.

What hormone activates water retention in response to decreased blood pressure?

Aldosterone.

What is the effect of chronic kidney disease on erythropoietin production?

Reduced production, leading to lower red blood cell counts.