Digestive

Buccal

towards the cheek

lingual

towards the tongue

labial

towards the lips

mesial

towards the midline of the mouth

distal

away from the midline of the mouth

occlusal

chewing surface of the teeth

deciduous teeth

nonpermanent teeth, milk teeth, needle teeth

hypsodont

tall teeth that grow continuously throughout life

brachydont

“short tooth” simple teeth found in carnivores and omnivores

The thoracic cavity is the cranial part of the______ body cavity

ventral

what does the thoracic cavity contain

heart, lungs, major vessels, and structures within the mouth

what is the membrane in the thoracic cavity

pleural membranes

The _______ cavity it the dorsal part of the ventral body cavity

abdominal

what does the abdominal body cavity contain

organs of the digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems

what is the thin, domed muscle dividing the thoracic from the abdominal body cavity

diaphragm

what is the origin and insertion of the diaphragm

inner body walls

what is the action of the diaphragm

to compress and expand the thoracic cavity

what is the innervation of the diaphragm

phrenic nerve

T or F birds have teeth

False

T or F birds do not have a diaphragm

true

T or F birds have two ventral body cavities

false; one ventral body cavity

what is the one ventral body cavity in the bird called

coelom

from cranial to caudal what are the GI structures of birds starting at the beak

Beak, tongue, crop, esophagus, proventriculus,
ventriculus, small intestine, ceca, large intestine, cloaca

monogastric means...

one stomach

what are some animals that are monogastric

cats, dogs, pigs, rats and
reptiles.

what does ruminant mean

regurgitator

T or F all ruminants are ungulates

True

hindgut fermenters are animals that are monogastric but also have a specialized and enlarged _______ and _______

cecum and large intestine

what are some examples of hindgut fermenters

horses, zebra, rabbits,
and guinea pigs.

what is the space called when the lips are opened?

oral fissure

what is it called where the upper and lower lips meet at the right and left?

commissures

what is the activity that horses can do with their highly vascularized upper lip to grasp food called

prehension

what is the behavior called where an animal opens its mouth slightly in response to an odor

flehmen response

The ________ is part of the oral mucosa that is adjacent to each tooth

gingiva

what is the small space between the neck of the tooth and the gingiva called

gingival sulcus

what is the space between the right and left upper teeth (roof of the mouth) called

palate

what is the hard palate made up of (3 bones)

maxillary, incisive, palatine bones

he hard palate separates the _____ cavity from the _____ cavity.

oral, nasal

what are the ridges that run transversely across the hard palate called

palatine ridges

what are palatine ridges also known as

palatal rugae

T or F horses have an incisive papilla

F

you can find the incisive papilla on the ______ side of the upper incisors

lingual

what do ruminants have instead of teeth?

dental pad

what divides the pharynx into the oropharynx and the nasopharynx.

soft palate

T or F in all animals, but horses, the soft palate is moveable

True

What animal has a significantly larger soft palate, horse or dog

horse

does the soft palate in a horse move?

no

the soft palate in a horse sits just (dorsal or ventral) to the tip of the epiglottis

ventral

because of the position of the soft palate and the epiglottis can horses breath out of their mouths?

no

what is it called when horses cannot breathe out of their mouths?

obligate nasal breather

T or F horses have to be intubated through their noses because of how their soft palate and epiglottis sits

true

what is a common problem seen with horses?

dorsal displacement of the soft palate

what is dorsal displacement of the soft palate

when the soft palate sits dorsally to the epiglottis

what is the tongue also known as

glossa

what origin and insertion of the tongue is the...

hyoid apparatus

what is the gustatory innervation of the glossa

branches of the facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus
nerves.

what is the sensory innervation of the glossa

lingual branch of the mandibular nerve

what is the motor innervation of the glossa

hypoglossal nerve

what are the smaller, sharper papillae that aid in the
mechanical function of licking. These papillae lack tastebuds.

filiform papillae

what are the rounder, flatter, mushroom shaped papillae that contain tastebuds

fungiform papillae

what is the apex of the tongue

the tip

the body of the tongue is the _____ part

central

the root of the tongue is attached to the...

hyoid apparatus

3-5 weeks in puppies the ________ _______ erupt

deciduous canines

4-6 weeks in puppies the ________ ______ erupt

deciduous incisors

5-6 weeks in puppies the ________ _________ erupt

deciduous premolars

3-5 months in puppies the ________ _________ erupt

adult incisors

4-7 months in puppies the ________ _________ & __________ erupt

adult molars and premolars

5-7 months in puppies the ________ _________ erupt

adult canines

3-4 weeks in kittens the ______ _______ and ________ erupt

deciduous incisors & canines

5-6 weeks in kittens the ______ ________ erupt

deciduous premolars

3.5- 5.5 months in kittens the ______ ________ erupt

adult incisors

4-5 months in kittens the ______ ________ erupt

adult premolars

5-6 months in kittens the ______ ________ and _________ erupt

adult canines and molars

1 week in horses the _________ _________ #______ and _______ erupt

deciduous incisor 1 and premolar

1 month in horses the ______ ______ #____ erupts

deciduous incisor 2

5-9 months in horses the _______ _________ #______ erupts

deciduous incisors 3

in 5-6 months the ______ ______ #___ erupts

adult premolar 1

1 year in horses the _____ ______ #____ erupts

adult molar 1

2 year in horses the _____ ______ #____ erupts

adulr molar 2

2.5 year in horses the _____ ______ #____ and ______ #____ erupts

adulr incisor 1 and premolar 2

3 year in horses the _____ ______ #____ erupts

adult premolar 3

3.5 year in horses the _____ ______ #____ and ______ _______ #____ erupts

adulr incisor 2 and adult molar 3

4 year in horses the _____ ______ #____ erupts

adulr premolar 4

4.5 y year in horses the _____ ______ #____ erupts

adulr incisor 3

4-5 year in horses the _____ ______ erupts

adulr canines

after all of the teeth have erupted in horses, how can you tell the age of them?

the shape of the crown

what part of the tooth is visible above the gum line?

crown

what is the outer covering of the crown calleed

enamel

T or F enamel is harder than bone

True

what is the next layer deep to the enamel called

dentin

dentin has a similar strength to...

bone

what is the center of the tooth called

pulp cavity

where is the blood and nervous supply for the tooth located

pulp cavity

what part of the tooth is present at the gumline

neck of the tooth

what is the small pocket around the neck of the tooth called

gingival sulcus

what is the most important location within the neck of the tooth

cementoenamel junction

what is everything below the gumline called

root of the tooth

what os the outermost later of the root called

cementum

what is the space that the root of the tooth sits in in the jawbone called

alveoli