Social 30-1: Ideologies Unit 1

Ideology

• System of ideas to determine how and why humans act the way they do

• Active citizens needs to understand how to judge and understand the policies and issues

• Affected by several factors: history, beliefs about human nature, structure if society, and the future

Individualism

• Values the freedom and worth of an individual over a collective

• An ideology that individualism can create prosperity either for one/a state

Collectivism

• Values the goals and common good of a group over an individual

• Belief that collectivism can create prosperity

Spectrum

• a measure tool of ideologies

• Radicals: Extreme Left, committed to fundamental changes of society and the government ( allows violence )

• Reactionary: Extreme Right, wants to return old institutions and values of the past

• Moderate: Someone who is neutral, and is satisified with everything

Left Side ( Spectrum )

• Radical Communists: Create a society based on equality

• Communism

Moderate Socialists

• equality of opportunity ( significantly for the lower classes )

Right Side ( Spectrum )

• Reactionary Facists: believes that abilities are inherited, and equality is impossible and undesireable

Progressivism

• Left side

• Progressive changes to social reforms through government

Facism

• mythical propaganda that can control how people act/view the world

Socialists

• Left on spectrum

• believes government has a significant role in controlling agencies and industries

Liberals

• believe that the government has a role in shaping society

Conservatives

• Think the roles of the government must be limited

Hobbes

• people are selfish and need authority

• Central authority with great power can maintain order

• Surrender all power to authority ( Leviathan ) = success

• Left Wing

Locke

• Opposed authoritarianism of the church and the state

• logic and reason = blank slate

• any action by govt must be approved

• Social Contract - surrender their natural rights for protection, etc

• Private Property is key to an individual ( Individuals can own their own property without the government )

• right on the spectrum

Montesquieu

• Right on the spectrum

• Contradicted the Divine Right Of Kings

• Govt power must be divided

  Legislative, Executive, Judicial

• Active citizen participation = able to function

Smith

• Right On Spectrum

• Opposed the mercantilist system for it gained wealth of the state and not the nation

• Government role is very limited

• Foundation for the modern capitalist system

• People work for themselves = successful nation

Marx

• Left wing on the spectrum

• Marxism - human society is defined by class struggle, conflict between bourgeoise and proletariat ( people that overthrows the bourgeoisie )

Mill

• Right on Spectrum

• protection of individual freedom

  has to be limited when harm occurs

• Utilitarianism - benefit most people for the least cost

Rousseau

• humans are born free, but the freedom is shackled by authority

• government involvement should be limited

• right on the spectrum

Classical Conservatism

• Reactionary, The Right Or Conservatuve

• Want to make changes to the monarch system

Burke

• Right on spectrum

• society must turn to its past roots to survive

• Liberal Conservatism - realization that society cannot truly return to its roots but can promote the benefits of the past

Elements of Classical Liberalism

• Limited Government

• Private property is key to a free market

• political/economic freedom for individuals

• free market - individuals make economic decisions

Elements of Modern Liberalism

• Combines civil liberty and equality

• social justice + mixed economy

• government spending on education, healthcare, and social services

• universal suffered