English Vocabulary Lecture Notes Review

Flashcards covering vocabulary terms and definitions from the lecture notes, including business, historical, and research-related terminology.

Spare

To make something such as time or money available for a particular purpose.

It's a real shame

An expression used to describe a situation that is very disappointing or regrettable.

Initiative

A new plan or strategy intended to solve a problem or improve a situation.

Conduct

To organize and carry out a particular activity or process.

Regional development commission

An official organization or board responsible for the economic or social improvement of a specific area.

Up-to-the-minute

Characterized by being very modern or containing the latest information.

Deceptive

Giving an appearance or impression different from the true one; misleading.

Rigorous check

An extremely thorough and strict examination or inspection.

Testimony

A formal written or spoken statement, especially one given in a court of law or used as evidence.

Contractor

A person or company that undertakes a contract to provide materials or labor for a job.

The local press

Newspapers and journalists that provide news specifically for a local area.

Historical figure

A person who was famous or important in history.

Announce

To make a formal public statement about a fact, occurrence, or intention.

Ride

A journey made on an animal, bicycle, or in a vehicle; often used to refer to mechanical attractions at a park.

Orangutan

A large herbivorous arboreal anthropoid ape with long red hair and reddish-brown skin.

Antarctic

The region surrounding the South Pole.

Replicate

To make an exact copy of or to reproduce something.

Mine

An excavation in the earth for extracting coal or other minerals.

Fortification

A defensive wall or other reinforcement built to strengthen a place against attack.

Mosaic

A picture or pattern produced by arranging together small colored pieces of hard material, such as stone, tile, or glass.

Trail

A path or track through the countryside or through a wild area.

Ancient carvings

Very old designs or patterns cut into a surface, typically wood or stone.

Isolated

Characterized by being far away from other places, buildings, or people; remote.

Formulate

To create, prepare, or express something in a systematic or concise way.

Survival skills

A set of techniques that a person may use in order to sustain life in any type of natural or built environment.

Impact

A marked effect or influence of one thing on another.

Extreme

Reaching a high or the highest degree; very severe or intense.

Academic

A teacher or scholar in a university or other institute of higher education.

Migration

Movement of people or animals from one place to another, often seasonally or for resettlement.

Current

A body of water or air moving in a definite direction, especially through a surrounding body of water or air.

Raft journey

A trip or voyage undertaken on a flat buoyant structure, often made of timber or tied-together logs.

Research setback

A problem or difficulty that stops or slows down the progress of a scientific or academic investigation.

Authentic

Of undisputed origin; genuine or original.

Sail a reed boat

To navigate a vessel constructed from the dried stalks of reed plants.

Archaeological methodology

The system of methods and principles used in the study of human history and prehistory through excavation.

Criticism

The expression of disapproval of someone or something based on perceived faults or mistakes.

Over-simplified

To have explained or designed something in a way that is so simple it distorts the true meaning or masks complexity.

Flawed

Having or characterized by a fundamental weakness or imperfection.

Harsh

Unpleasantly rough or striking to the senses; cruel or severe conditions.

Coastal voyage

A journey by sea that stays near the line where the land meets the ocean.

Spectacular adventure

A very impressive, striking, and exciting experience or journey.

Disprove

To prove that a statement or theory is false or wrong.

Discredit

To harm the good reputation of someone or to cause an idea to be seen as false or unreliable.

The overall tone

The general character or attitude of a piece of writing, situation, or conversation.

Intellectual property

A category of property that includes intangible creations of the human intellect, such as inventions and artistic works.

Merger

A combination of two companies into one larger company.

Takeover

The act of assuming control of something, especially the buying out of one company by another.

Extend product life cycle

Strategies used to lengthen the period during which a product is successful and remains on the market.

Democratic

Relating to or supporting the principles of democracy, typically involving social equality or collective decision-making.

Disband

To cause an organized group to break up and stop functioning together.

Retain staff

The ability of an organization to keep its employees and prevent them from leaving.

Initiate

To cause a process or action to begin.

Overlook

To fail to notice, or to ignore something.