Anatomy and Phyiology Lab 7: Muscular System of Lower Limb

What is this muscle and where are the attachment points?

• What? Sartorius

• Attachments? Ilium —> medial side of Tibia

What actions does the Sartorius allow fo?

• flexion of hip

• flexion of knee

What is this muscle and where are the attachment points?

• What? Pectineus

• Attachments? Pubis —> linea aspera of femur

What actions does the Pectineus allow for?

adduction of hip

What is this muscle and where are the attachment points?

• What? Iliopsoas

• Attachments? lumbar vertebra and Iliac fossa —> lesser trochanter of femur

What action does the Iliopsoas allow for?

flexion of hip

What are the muscles that make up the Quadriceps femoris?

• Rectus femoris

• Vastus lateralis

• Vastus medialis

• Vastus intermedius

What is this muscle and where are the attachment points?

• What? Rectus Femoris

• Attachments? head of femur —> patella

What action does the rectus femoris allow for?

• extension of knee

• flex hip (ONLY RECTUS FEMORIS; b cross the hip because it cross the articulation between the head of the femur and the hip)

What is this muscle and where are the attachment points?

• What? Vastus Lateralis

• Attachment? femur —> patella

What actions does the Vastus Lateralis allow for?

knee extension

What is this muscle and where are the attachment points?

• What? Vastus Medialis

• Attachments? femur —> patella

What action does the Vastus Medialis allow for?

knee extension

What is this muscle and where are the attachment points?

• What? Vastus Intermedius

• Attachments?

  *deep to rectus femoris

What actions does the Vastus Intermedius allow for?

knee extension

What is this muscle and where are the attachment points?

• What? Quadriceps Tendon/Patellar Ligament

• Attachment? all qudricep muscles distally attach to the patellar ligament

What action does the Quadriceps Tendon/Patellar ligament allow for?

knee extension

What muscles make up the anterior compartment of the thigh?

• sartorius

• Iliopsoas

• all 4 quadriceps femoris

  *common otion: flex hip

What muscles make up the medial compartment of the thigh?

• Gracilis

• Adductor longus

• Adductor Brevis

• Pectineus

  *Common motion: adduction of hip

What is this muscle and where are the attachment points?

• What? Gracilis

• Attachment? Pubis —> Linea Aspera of Femur

What action does the Gracilis allow for?

• adduction of hip

• flexion of hip

What is this muscle and where are the attachment points?

• What? Adductor Longus

• Attachments? Pubis —> Linea aspera of femur

What action does the adductor longus allow for?

adduction of hip

What is this muscle and where are the attachment points?

• What? Adductor Brevis

  *deep to pectineus and adductor longus

What action does the Adductor Brevis allow for?

adduction of hip

What is this muscle and where are the attachment points?

• What? Tensor Fascia Lata

• Attachment? Iliotibial facet —> head of fibula

What muscles make up the lateral compartment of the Thigh and Posterior hip?

• Tensor fascia lata

• Gluteus Maximus

• Gluteus Medius

• Gluteus Minimus

• Piriformis

What action does the Tensor Fascia Lata allow for?

• Abduction of hip

• stabilization of hip

• flexion of hip

What is this muscle and where are the attachment points?

• What? Gluteus Maximus

• Attachments? Ilium, sacrum, coccyx —> Iliotibial tract

What action does the Gluteus Maximus allow for?

• extension of hip

• lateral rotation of hip

What is this muscle and where are the attachment points?

• What? Gluteus Medius

• Attachments? Ilium —> greater trochanter of femur

  *deep to gleteus maximus

What action does the Gluteus Medius allow for?

• abduction of hip

• hip stabilizer

What is this muscle and where are the attachment points?

• What? Gluteus Minimus

What action does the Gluteus Minimus allow for?

• abduction of hip

• hip stabilizer

What is this muscle and where are the attachment points?

• What? Piriformis

What action does the Piriformis allow for?

• lateral rotation of hip (turn out)

• looks like a sideways triangle

What are the muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh?

• Biceps femoris

• Semitendinosus

• Semimembranosus

What is this muscle and where are the attachment points?

• What? Biceps Femoris Long Head

• Insertion? fibula

What action does the Biceps Femoris Long Head allow for?

• flex knee

• hip extension

What is this muscle and where are the attachment points?

• What? Biceps Femoris Short Head

• Insertion? fibula

  *deep to beiceps femoris long head

What action does the Biceps Femoris Short Head allow for?

• flex knee

• hip extension

What is this muscle and where are the attachment points?

• What? Semimembranosus

• Attachments? Ischial tuberosity of ischium —> tibia

  *tucked under semitendinosus muscle

What action does the Semimembranosus allow for?

• flex knee

• extension of hip

What is this muscle and where are the attachment points?

• What? Semitendinosus

• Attachments? ischial tuberosity of ischium —> tibia

What action does the Semitendinosus allow for?

• flex knee

• extension of hip

What muscles are in the anterior compartment in the lower leg?

• Tibialis anterior

• extensor digitorum longus

• extensor halluces longus

What is this muscle and where are the attachment points?

• What? Tibialis Anterior

• insertion? base of medial metatarsals

What action does the Tibialis Anterior allow for?

dorsiflexion

What is this muscle and where are the attachment points?

• What? Extensor Digitorum Longus

• Insertion? digits 2-5

What action does the Extensor Digitorum Longus allow for?

extension of digits 2-5

What is this muscle and where are the attachment points?

• What? Extensor Halluces Longus

• Attachments? big toe

  *tucked under extensor digitorum longus and tibialis anterior

What action does the Extensor Halluces Longus allow for?

extension of big toe

What are the muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg?

• fibularis longus

• fibularis brevis

What is this muscle and where are the attachment points?

• What? Fibularis Longus

  *tucked under soleus

  *lateral side of the ankle

What action does the Fibularis Longus allow for?

eversion of ankle

What is this muscle and where are the attachment points?

• What? Fibularis Brevis

  *lateral side of the ankle

  *tucked under fibularis longus

What action does the Fibularis Brevis allow for?

eversion of ankle

What muscles are part of the posterior compartment of the lower leg?

• Gastrocnemius

• Soleus

What is this muscle and where are the attachment points?

• What? Gastrocnemius

• Attachment? Calcaneus

What action does the Gastrocnemius allow for?

plantarflexion/pointing your foot

What is this muscle and where are the attachment points?

• What? Soleus

• Attachment? Calcaneus

What action does the Soleus allow for?

plantar flexion/pointing the foot

What are the “deep muscles” on the posterior lower leg?

• Tibialis posterior

• Flexor digitorum longus

• Flexor halluces longus

What is this muscle and where are the attachment points?

• What? Tibialis Posterior

• Attachments? tarsal and metatarsal bones

What action does the Tibialis Posterior allow for?

inversion of ankle

What is this muscle and where are the attachment points?

• What? Flexor Digitorum Longus

• Attachments? digits 2-5

What action does the Flexor Digitorum Longus allow for?

flex digits 2-5

What is this muscle and where are the attachment points?

• What? Flexor Halluces Longus

• Attachments? big toe

What action does the Flexor Halluces Longus Allow for?

flex big toe

What are the two parts of a muscle?

• Muscle Belly: contractile portion

• Tendon: strong tissue fibers that attach muscle to bone, skin, or other muscles

How do muscles help joints move?

If they cross over a joint, they move that joint. If they cross over multiple joints, they move whichever joints they cross

What does “Digitorum” suggest?

tendons diverge into digits 2-5

What does “Halluces” suggest?

tenons attach to the big toe