Ch. 26- American Indian History

For test on 12/5/23

Plains Indians surrendered their lands only when they…

were promised things from the U.S. Government:

• To be left alone

• Given food, clothing, and supplies

For white American treaty makers, Indian tribes were…

different and abnormal

a fiction of white imagination

• couldn’t grasp the fact of “chiefs” and “tribes”

• that Natives only recognized the authority of family or band elder

• nomadic way of life

Who were the Buffalo Soldiers?

U.S. Army African American Personnel on the Frontier

In the warfare that raged between the Indians and the American military after the Civil War,

• women were shot while praying for mercy

• children were brutally murdered

• people were tortured, scalped, and mutilated

• great cruelty/massacre on both sides

Indians battled whites for all of the following reasons except to…

rescue their families who had been exiled to Oklahoma

Know the Indian chiefs and the tribes they were chiefs of.

Nez Perce Tribe: Chief Joseph

Apache Tribes: Geronimo

As a result of the Battle of Little Bighorn...

What happened at the Battle: General Custer announced that he found gold in the plains in order for gold-seekers to come and swarm the Sioux

As a result, the Sioux, Cheyenne, ans Arapho Natives called/turned to warfare and fought the gold-seekers

A new round of warfare between the Sioux and U.S. Army began in 1874 when...

General Custer set out to suppress Indians back to reservation, but 2,500 well-armed Indian soldiers were ready and killed Custer’s 250 men.

The U.S Army eventually came and hunted down the Indians who humiliated Custer

The Plains Indians were finally forced to surrender and end their resistance to losing their lands...

Native Americans were finally ghettoized on reservations where they could theoretically preserve their culture, but became wards of the government

“Indians were much cheaper to feed than fight”

The Nez Percé Indians of Idaho were goaded into war when...

U.S. authorities tried to herd them onto a reservation, but eventually Chief Joseph surrendered everyone and were sent to a dusty reservation in Kansas where 40% of them died from disease

All of the following are true statements about Indians who ended up on reservations in the 1870s and 1880s except...

(…)

The buffalo were nearly exterminated

15 million after the Civil War, then by 1885 there were less than 100 buffalo

William “Buffalo Bill” Cody killed over 4,000 buffalo in 18 months

A Century of Dishonor (1881), which chronicled the dismal history of Indian-white relations, was authored by

Helen Hunt Jackson

Helen Hunt Jackson's novel, Ramona, centered around...

A love story about discrimination against California Indians to inspire sympathy for Indians

The nineteenth-century humanitarians who advocated kind treatment of the Indians

Humanitarians wanted to treat the Indians kindly and persuade them to “walk the white man’s road”

Neither side showed respect for Indian culture

Christian reformers withheld their food to force Indians to give up culture and assimilate

To assimilate Indians into American society, the Dawes Act did all of the following except...

The Dawes Act:

• tried to make individualists out of Indians

• Ignored resilience of Indian culture on tribal land

• 1900, 50% of Native land lost

The United States government's outlawing of the Indian Sun (Ghost) Dance in 1890 resulted in the...

Battle of the Wounded Knee

• U.S. army bloodily stamped it out

• about 200 men, women, and children were killed

• 29 soldiers also killed

The Dawes Severalty Act was designed to promote Indian...

Individualism

• Dissolved many tribes as legal entities

• wiped out tribal ownership of land

• individual Indian families given 160 free acres

• possible citizenship in 25 years