Science test: rocks, minerals and ores

metamorphic rock

A type of rock that forms from an existing rock that is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions.

Rock cycle processes

Cooling and Hardening
Melting
Heat and Pressure
Compacting and Cementing
Weathering and Erosion

Lustre (Minerals)

How light reacts to the mineral:
Shiny
Glossy
Transparent
Metallic
Dull
streaky

Streak (Minerals)

The color of the mineral when is powdered

Leach mining system

A method of extracting metals from ore by dissolving them in a liquid, usually water or acid.

Fossils

Preserved remains of once-living organisms

body fossils

Hard parts of an organism, such as bone, teeth or shells, that has been preserved into a fossil

eg: dinosaur eggs

trace fossils

An imprint of an organism that has been filled mud and preserved

eg: footprints

resin fossils

a type of fossil formed when a small plant or insect becomes trapped and preserved in tree sap

eg: small bugs

igneous rock

a type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock at or below the surface

sedimentary rock

A type of rock that forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together

Cooling and hardening

when magma cools and hardens to make a igneous rock

melting

when igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic rock is heated up to form magma

heat and pressure

two forces that change the features of a igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic rock

compacting and cementation

when sediments are pressed together and chemically bind together to form a sedimentary rock

weathering and erosion

the process of breaking down rock and moving that rock

examples of igneous rocks

granite, pumice, obsidian, basalt

examples of sedimentary rocks

sandstone, shale, limestone

examples of metamorphic rocks

marble and quartzite

properties of igneous rocks

Origin: Intrusive/Extrusive
Texture: Glassy, Fine-grained, coarse-grained, porphyritic
Composition: What minerals are in it.

Minerals

Minerals are naturally occurring chemical substances
that make up igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic
rocks

Ores

minerals that are mined because they contain useful metals or nonmetals

Examples of Minerals

calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium

Examples of Ores

iron and aluminum

difference between a mineral and an ore

An ore is always a mineral but a mineral is not always an ore. Ores are big amounts of minerals.

Color (Minerals)

Colour of the mineral, different minerals can have same colours and same minerals can have different colours

Hardness (Minerals)

How hard or soft the mineral is. Harder minerals can scratch softer minerals

Cleavage (Minerals)

The angle/s in which the mineral breaks

importance of an ore in the world economy

ores contain metals crucial to industry and trade

eg: copper is used in electrical wiring

Rock Cycle Diagram

mould fossil

fossil formed when a living thing decomposes underneath sediment, creating a cavity in the shape of the dead organism

eg: skeleton

fossil formation process

1. The animal dies.

2. Soft parts of the animal's body, including skin and muscles, start to rot away. Scavengers may come and eat some of the remains.

3. Before the body disappears completely, it is buried by sediment - usually mud, sand or silt. Often at this point only the bones and teeth remain.

4. Many more layers of sediment build up on top. This puts a lot of weight and pressure onto the layers below, squashing them. Eventually, they turn into sedimentary rock.

5. While this is happening, water seeps into the bones and teeth, turning them to stone as it leaves behind minerals.