The Impact of the Slave Trade on Britain's Industrial Revolution

Cotton

Fibre processed better than wool, became fashionable.

Slave Plantations

Farms using enslaved labor to produce goods.

Exotic Quality

Unique appeal of cotton grown far from Europe.

Finance

Merchants profited from slave sales and goods.

Employment

Slavery created jobs in finance and shipbuilding.

Population Growth

Increased jobs led to a larger workforce.

Military Strength

Slave shipbuilding improved military vessel designs.

Industrial Revolution

Shift from hand production to factory manufacturing.

Agricultural Revolution

Increased food production, key to industrial growth.

Coal

Essential fuel for steam engines and machinery.

Geography

Facilitated transport of goods across Britain.

Crop Rotation

Innovative farming method improving soil fertility.

Seed Drill

Invention by Jethro Tull for efficient planting.

Steam Engine

Powered machinery, crucial for industrial processes.

Shipbuilding

Industry enhanced by slave trade and innovations.

Market Creation

Larger population increased demand for factory goods.

Poor Hygiene

Contributed to illness in pre-industrial Britain.

Social Classes

Wealth-based divisions in British society.

Life Expectancy

Average lifespan low due to poor living conditions.

Aristocracy

1% of population controlling 15% of wealth.

Transportation

Rivers enabled cheap movement of goods.

Industrialization

Process of developing industries in a country.

Manufacturing

Production of goods using machinery in factories.

Rural Society

Pre-industrial Britain primarily agricultural and localized.

Urban Wealth

Cities prospered from slave trade-related industries.

Long-Distance Trade

Exchange of goods over significant geographical distances.

Poor Roads

Limited travel options in pre-industrial Britain.

Basic Tools

Simple equipment powered by manual or animal labor.

Entrepreneurs

Business owners who initiated industrial developments.

Canal Systems

Waterways constructed to enhance transportation in Britain.

Laissez-faire Capitalism

Economic system with minimal government intervention.

Enclosure Acts

Laws promoting private land ownership, impacting small farmers.

Colonial Empire

Britain's extensive territories providing resources and markets.

Textile Industry

Dominant industry during early Industrial Revolution.

Spinning Jenny

Machine invented by Hargreaves for efficient cloth production.

Water Frame

Arkwright's invention producing stronger yarn using water power.

Spinning Mule

Combination of spinning jenny and water frame for fine yarn.

Henry Bessemer

Innovator of new steel-making processes during industrialization.

Factors of Production

Inputs: land, labor, and capital for economic profit.

Natural Resources

Essential materials like coal and iron for industry.

Labor Supply

Large workforce available due to population growth.

Capital

Financial resources necessary for industrial investment.

Enclosure Movement

Consolidation of small farms into larger, fenced properties.

Mass Production

Manufacturing large quantities of goods efficiently.

Assembly Lines

Production method improving efficiency through task division.

Electrical Grid Systems

Infrastructure for distributing electricity to industries.

James Hargreaves

Inventor of the spinning jenny in 1764.

Richard Arkwright

Creator of the water frame for yarn production.

Samuel Crompton

Inventor of the spinning mule, enhancing textile production.

Thomas Newcomen

Inventor of the first steam engine in 1712.

Age of Imperialism

Period of European expansion and colonization worldwide.

Free Trade Policies

Government strategies promoting unrestricted trade with others.

Banking System

Facilitated loans for industrial investments.

Stable Government

Political stability encouraged economic growth.

Glorious Revolution

1688 upheaval leading to political stability.

Joint-Stock Companies

Businesses owned by shareholders, promoting trade.

Commercial Nation

Great Britain dominated global trade and colonies.

Open-Field System

Traditional farming method with shared land.

Four Crop Rotation

Cycle of four crops to enhance productivity.

Selective Breeding

Mating strongest animals for better offspring.

Jethro Tull's Seed Drill

Invention planting seeds efficiently, reducing waste.

Rotherham Plough

Lightweight plough improving efficiency in farming.

Falling Death Rates

Decline due to plague's end and medical advances.

Birth Rate Increase

More children surviving to adulthood.

Factory

Location for mass production of goods.

Interchangeable Parts

Identical parts enabling efficient assembly.

Assembly Line

Production method moving items between workers.

Steam Engines

Replaced water wheels as factory power source.

Urbanization

Cities grew around factories and resources.

Livable Wages

Sufficient income improving workers' living standards.

Agricultural Surplus

Excess food production for urban populations.

Common Land

Shared area for grazing and resources.

Crop Rotation Cycle

Four-year cycle enhancing soil and livestock.

Lord Charles Townshend

Introduced successful four crop rotation system.

Robert Bakewell

Pioneer of selective breeding in livestock.

Thomas Coke

Continued Bakewell's work on sheep breeding.