(thermal) energy

Work Done

Energy transferred when a force moves an object.

Time Taken

Duration for energy transfer or work to occur.

Thermal Energy Change

Energy change calculated as mass times specific heat.

Power

Rate of energy transfer or work done over time.

Specific Heat Capacity

Energy needed to raise 1 kg by 1°C.

Heat Transfer

Energy movement via conduction, convection, or radiation.

Conduction

Heat transfer through direct contact in solids.

Thermal Conductivity

Material's ability to conduct heat; higher means faster transfer.

Insulators

Materials that resist heat transfer, like trapped air.

Infrared Radiation

Electromagnetic waves emitted by objects based on temperature.

Black Body

Perfect absorber and emitter of radiation; no reflection.

Greenhouse Effect

Trapping of heat by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

Cooling Rate

Speed at which a building loses heat; affected by insulation.

Energy Absorption

Process where materials take in energy, affecting temperature.

Energy Reradiation

Re

Thermal Equilibrium

State where absorption equals emission of radiation.

Metal Conductors

Materials that transfer heat quickly, like metals.

Poor Conductors

Materials like plastic and wood that resist heat flow.

Temperature Difference

Greater difference leads to faster heat transfer rates.

Radiation Reflection

White and silver objects reflect infrared radiation effectively.

Heat Energy Emission

Intensity and frequency of emitted radiation increase with temperature.

Loft Insulation

Material used to reduce heat loss in buildings.

Cavity Wall Insulation

Insulation that traps air to minimize heat transfer.