head and neck (treatment sites)

oral cavity extends from where to where

lips to posterior aspect of hard palate

what separates the anterior two thirds of the tongue from the posterior part of the tongue, which is the oropharynx

circumvallate papillae

oral cavity cancers are associated with what?

plummer vinson syndrome (iron deficiency in females)

cancers of the tongue, floor of the mouth, and tonsils are associated with what?

human papilloma virus HPV

what’s the most common site for cancer in the oral cavity

lips

oral cancer are majority of what?

squamous cell carcinoma

main route of lymphatic spread for oral cavity in general is what? 4

buccinator

jugulodigastric

submandibular

submental nodes

second most common route of spread for oral cavity in gerenal is to the …(4)

parotid

jugular

upper and lower posterior cervical nodes

upper lip drains into what 2 things

submandibular

pre auricular nodes

lower lip and anterior mouth drain to what

submental nodes

oral tongue drains to what

anterior cervical chain nodes

buccal mucosa drains to what 2 things

submandibular

subdigastric nides

(T/F) lymphatic and blood borne spread is rare

T

most common site of spread of oral cavity is what

cervical lymph nodes

which pharynx is cuboid in shape?

nasopharynx

which pharynx is positioned posterior to the nose and extends inferiorly to the uvula?

nasopharynx

which pharynx is at level C1?

nasopharynx

what are located within the nasopharynx

adenoids

(T/F) tumors in nasopharynx are hard to reach in surgery and tumors in nasopharynx can affect the cranial nerves

T

carcinomas usually occur in the lateral walls of the what

nasopharynx

there’s a strong connection between nasopharynx and what and not tobacco use

epstein barr virus EBV

where does the oropharynx extend from

soft plate to hyoid bone

which pharynx is at the level of C2 and C3

oropharynx

most cancers in the oropharynx occur where

tonsils

(T/F) oropharynx is associated with alcohol consumption, smoking, and HPV

T

which pharynx extends from hyoid bone to the esophagus

laryngopharynx

which pharynx starts at C3

laryngopharynx

which pharynx C3 to C6

laryngopharynx

what is the most common location for cancer within the laryngopharynx

pyriform sinus

pharynx are majority what?

squamous cell carcinoma

nasopharynx drains to where 3 nodes

cervical node

retropharyngeal node

jugulodigastric node

laryngopharynx drains to what 5 nodes

midcervical node

superior deep

middle jugular nodule

low jugular nodule

retro pharyngeal node

which pharynx spreads to cranial nerve involvement and metastases to bone, lung, or liver

nasopharynx

which pharynx spreads to lymph nodes and invade structures located close to the tumor

oropharynx

which pharynx commonly spreads to lymph nodes and invades nerves and muscles nervy

laryngopharynx

larynx extends from where

epiglottis to cricoid cartilage

which pharynx is the level of a C3 to C6

larynx

larynx includes what 3 things

supraglottis

glottis

subglottis

what includes the epiglottis, false vocal cords, ventricles, aryepiglottic folds, arytenoids

supraglottis

what includes the true vocal cords and anterior/posterior commissaries

glottis

subglottis is ? cm below true vocal cords

1

cancer in the ? is strongly associated with cigarette smoking

larynx

? is related to laryngeal cancers

HPV

larynx pathology is majority what

SCC

largest salivary gland

located superficially

opens into the oral cavity

most common salivary gland cancer occurs in the parotid glands

can be treated with a wedge pair technique

parotid

most of these cancers present as a rapidly growing mass

salivary glands

what’s the most common malignant type in salivary gland

mucoepidermoid carcinoma

most of the tumors in the major salivary glands are what

benign

(T/F) salivary gland tumors can involve cranial, facial nerves, and arteries within the neck

T

Thyroid anatomy- right and left lobes are connected by what

isthmus

(T/F) thyroid is located close to the larynx, trachea, and esophagus

T

what supports metabolism and creates hormones

thyroid

(T/F) RT is believed to cause thyroid cancer

T

thyroid may present as what

palpable mass

what are the 3 most common thyroid pathology and what can it be treated with?

papillary

mixed papillary follicular

follicular

can be treated with I-131

thyroid lymphatics (4)

internal jugular chain

anterior cervical node

pre tracheal nodes

paratracheal nodes

papillary and mixed papillary follicular cancers spread through what

lymph node

follicular cancer spread through what

bloodstream to bone, lungs, liver, and brain

medullary cancer spread regionally and to where

cervical lymph nodes

anaplastic cancer spread locally to where 3

skin

trachea

lymph node

jugulodigastric lymph node =

subdigastric node

node de rouviere =

retropharynx node

-included in treatment fields

-difficult or impossible to reach in surgery, which leads to a high risk of distant metastases

node of rouviere

spinal accessory chain =

posterior cervical lymph node chain

mastoid node =

retro auricular node