Quiz 3: energy and vitamins

Tissue mineralization is seen with excess administration of which vitamin?

Vitamin D

Vitamin C

Vitamin E

Vitamin A

Vitamin D—soft tissue calcification

Which nutrient is most resistant to deficiency but most likely to result in toxicity?

Fat soluble vitamins

Water soluble vitamins

Macrominerals

Microminerals

Fat soluble vitamins - body holds on to fat and stores. will not lack, but can lead to toxic levels

Vitamins function as:

Enzymes

Coenzymes

Carbohydrates

Minerals

Coenzymes - NOT minerals

Vitamin D is important for regulation of 

Calcium and phosphorus metabolism

Iron metabolism

Electron transport

Cellular respiration

Calcium and phosphorus metabolism

The fat soluble vitamins are

A, D, E, K

A, C, D, K

A, B, D

A, B, C, D

ADEK

An animal exposed to extreme heat and the process to maintain a normal body temperature is known as

Facultative thermogenesis

Adaptive thermogenesis

Maladaptive thermogenology

Facultative thermogenology

Facultative thermogenesis - outside animal’s comfort body temp

1 calorie (small calorie) is equivalent to:

(select all that apply)

1/1000 of a kilocalorie or "big" Calorie

the heat to raise 1 mL of water by 1 degree celsius

4.184 joules

1 kilocalorie

1/1000 of a kilocalorie or "big" Calorie

A bomb calorimeter determines this form of energy

GE

MER

RER

DER

GE - gross energy

Neutered animals experience a reduction in RER due to 
(select all that apply)

Decrease in androgenic hormones

Decreased lean body mass

Decreased activity during mating season

Decreased energy intake

Decrease in androgenic hormones

Decreased lean body mass

Decreased activity during mating season

True or false:  Energy is intake is ideal when it exceeds requirements and expenditure, so the patient gets the health benefits of extra energy.

 

True

False

False - Energy intake should be just enough to meet requirements and balance expenditure.

Cats need their Vitamin A sources to come from

animal sources

deep yellow or orange plants

carrots

retinol

animal sources

Vitamin C is an essential nutrient in which animals? (select all that apply)

Humans

Guinea pigs

Dogs

Cats

Guinea pigs, humans

Vitamins are defined as: (select all that apply)

An organic compound

Its absence must cause a deficiency syndrome

Must be essential in minute amounts

An inorganic compound

An organic compound

Its absence must cause a deficiency syndrome

Must be essential in minute amounts

Vitamin K is needed to promote

Clotting

Liver metabolism

Energy synthesis

Fibrin breakdown

Clotting - can get from leafy greens, less in animals

What is the best method for determining metabolizable energy?

Food trial

Calculation method

Extrapolation method*

Deduction method

food trial

True or false: Poorly palatable food increases food intake

True

False

palatable = tasty

False - Poor palatability results in less food intake.  

Which energy requirement is the only one to account for work, gestation, lactation, growth, and maintaining a normal body temperature?

Daily energy requirement

Basal energy requirement

Metabolic energy requirement

Resting energy requirement

Daily energy requirement (DER) - all others are resting etc.

Positive energy balance results in

Increased fat storage in adults

Increased fat storage in juveniles

Increased lean body mass in juveniles

Weight loss

Increased lean body mass in juveniles + 1 other

Most B vitamins are responsible for 

Metabolism of nutrients for energy

Hemostasis

Calories

Red blood cell synthesis

Metabolism of nutrients for energy

Vitamin A is converted to

retinol

provitamina

carotenes

carotenoids

retinol

vitamin A (from plants) contains all the other 3 things already

B12 deficiency is seen in

Intestinal disease

consuming a vegetarian diet

excess protein ingestion

excess calcium intake

consuming a vegetarian diet +1more, poor digestion

Resting energy requirement (RER) is the amount of energy used while ______ in a thermoneutral environment in a ______ animal.

resting, non-fasted

active, fasted

resting, fasted

active, non-fasted

Resting, non-fasted (the first example)