Mental and Physical health

The DSM-5 got published from a diagreement between…

experienced clinicians who defined disorders based on clinical experiences and researchers who wanted to define disorders based on empirical data

Purposes of the DSM

1. to make psychological diagnosis more objective

2. provides something tangible for the psychologist to prescribe/diagnose for insurance to cover treatment

Personality disorders have 5 general characteristics:

1. unusual expression of a personality attribute

2. tend to cause problems

3. affect social relations

4. stable over time

5. (ego-syntonic) person with the disorder cannot recognize it in themselves

Extreme behavior stems from…

denial or distortion of reality

How do personality disorders manifest?

In interactions with other people

True or false: because personality disorders are stable, they are easy to change through therapeutic intervention

False

Ego syntonic

thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are perceived by an individual as being consistent with their self-image

ego dystonic

describes thoughts, impulses, or behaviors that are inconsistent with a person's sense of self

How are Cluster A disorders characterized

odd or eccentric patterns of thinking

Cluster A includes which personality disorders?

schizotypal, schizoid, and paranoid

Cluster B characterization

impulsive and erratic patterns of behavior

Cluster B disorders

histrionic, narcissistic, antisocial, borderline

Cluster C characterization

anxious and avoidant emotional styles

Cluster C disorders

dependent, avoidant, obsessive-compulsive

Dependent personality disorder: belief pattern/behavioral style

“i am helpless” ; attachment

Avoidant personality disorder: belief pattern/behavioral style

“i may get hurt”; avoidance

paranoid personality disorder: belief pattern/behavioral style

“people are dangerous”; wariness

histrionic personality disorder: belief pattern/behavioral style

“i need to impress”; dramatic

narcissistic personality disorder: belief pattern/behavioral style

“i am special”; self glorification

obsessive-compulsive personality disorder: belief pattern/behavioral style

“i must not error”; perfectionis

antisocial personality disorder: belief pattern/behavioral style

“others are out to get me so i have to get them first”; attack

True or false: t is easy to find a thread of charactersitics to describe BPD

false

dialectical behavioral therapy is used to treat which disorder

borderline personality disorde

Bad Five Personality Traits

negative affectivity, detachment, antagonism, disinhibition, psychoticism

negative affectivity

a tendency to feel negative emotions

detachment

tendency to withdraw from others

antagonsim

qualities of narcissism

psychoticism

tendency to have bizarre thoughts

negative affectivity is akin to

neuroticism

detachment is akin to

extraversion

antagonism is akin to

agreeableness

disinhibition is akin to

conscientiousness

psychoticism is akin to

extreme high end of openness to experience

What does the HiTOP (hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology) aim to do?

to cover the whole range of psychological distress not just personality disorder

What 5 syndromes does the HiTOP divide pyschopathology into

internalizing disorders, thought disorders, externalizing disorders, and detachment from others

internalizing disorders include…

sexual problems, eating pathology, fear, distress

thought disorder entails

mania

disinhibited externalizing entails

substance abuse and antisocial behavior

One major pitfall of the DSM 4 is that it

pathologized too many behavioral patterns