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Fugitive Slave Act
Laws allowing capture of runaway slaves in 1793, 1850.
John C. Frémont
First Republican presidential candidate, known as 'the Pathfinder'.
Dred Scott Case
Legal battle questioning citizenship and slavery rights.
Roger Brooke Taney
Chief Justice who ruled against Dred Scott.
Ostend Manifesto
1854 declaration urging U.S. acquisition of Cuba.
Know Nothings
Nativist group opposing immigration and Catholic influence.
Nebraska Territory Bill
1853 legislation organizing the Nebraska Territory.
Federal Commissioner
Appointed official deciding fugitive slave cases.
Anti-Slavery Movement
Coalition against slavery involving various political groups.
Free Soil
Political movement opposing the expansion of slavery.
Citizenship Question
Dred Scott case issue on Black citizenship rights.
Property Rights
Taney's ruling equating enslaved people to property.
Nativism
Political ideology favoring native-born citizens over immigrants.
Temperance Reformers
Activists promoting the reduction of alcohol consumption.
American Party
Political party formed by the Know Nothings.
Compromise of 1850
Series of laws attempting to resolve slavery disputes.
Cuban Enslaved People
Proposed to be freed and armed by the U.S.
Whigs
Political party that dissolved into factions over slavery.
Free Blacks
Individuals of African descent who were not enslaved.
Partisan Opinion
Taney's biased ruling reflecting political views.
Civil Rights
Rights protecting individuals' freedoms and liberties.
Missouri Compromise
Established balance of free and slave states.
Popular Sovereignty
Territorial residents decide on slavery status.
Filibuster
Private armies seizing land for slavery.
Benjamin Lay
Early anti-slavery activist and Quaker.
John Woolman
Refined anti-slavery tactics, promoted education.
Elizabeth Freeman
First enslaved person to sue for freedom.
Gradual Emancipation Act
Freedom for those born after a certain date.
Tallmadge Amendment
Proposed restrictions on slavery in Missouri.
Anti-Slavery First Stage
Early voices from 1730s to 1760s.
Anti-Slavery Second Stage
Northern and southern dimensions post-1770s.
Maine and Missouri
Maine free state, Missouri slave state added.
George Washington's Will
Freed slaves upon Martha's death.
Thomas Jefferson's View
Slavery compared to holding a wolf.
Quakers' Role
Religious group advocating for abolition.
Vermont's Emancipation
Last northern state to abolish slavery.
Scots-Irish Parades
Displayed bodies to shame Quakers over slavery.
Anti-Slavery Pamphlets
Used to spread anti-slavery messages.
Street Theatre
Dramatic performances to raise anti-slavery awareness.
Hollowed Bible
Symbol of bleeding to protest slavery.
Freedom's Value
Freeman's quote on the importance of freedom.
Pennsylvania Slave Population
Less than 1% enslaved in 1790.
Massachusetts Slave Status
Zero slaves recorded in 1790.
Knell
Funeral bell symbolizing the end of something.
Sanguine
Optimistic belief in a lasting union.
Missouri Compromise
Legislation addressing slavery's expansion in 1820.
Evangelicals
Group advocating for the reform of slavery.
David Walker
Abolitionist who published a rebellious appeal.
Printing Press
Medium used by Walker to spread ideas.
Slave Rebellion
Encouragement for slaves to rise against oppression.
Abolitionists
Individuals advocating for the end of slavery.
William Lloyd Garrison
Radical white abolitionist and founder of The Liberator.
Immediate Emancipation
Call for the instant freedom of all slaves.
New England Anti-Slavery Society
Organization founded by Garrison for abolition efforts.
American Anti-Slavery Society
National organization promoting the abolition of slavery.
John Quincy Adams
Former president opposing the gag rule.
Gag Rule
Prohibition of discussing slavery in Congress.
Liberty Party
Political party focused on abolition, minimal electoral success.
Second Party System
Political era with Democrats and Whigs as main parties.
Regional Economy
Economic characteristics defining different U.S. regions.
Second Bank of the United States
National bank established after the first expired.
Tariffs
Taxes on imports affecting regional economies.
Internal Improvements
Debate over federal vs. state funding for infrastructure.
Erie Canal
Major transport link built by New York State.
Public Land
Debate over land pricing and accessibility.
Squatters
Farmers on public land seeking property rights.
Rage Militaire
Desire for arms during wartime.
Food Riots
Protests by citizens over food shortages.
Women in War
Women disguised as men fought in the army.
Paper Money
Currency that lost value during the war.
Guerrilla Bands
Loyalist groups attacking patriots in New Jersey.
Baltimore Riot of 1812
Violence against Federalist papers and leaders.
Nantucket Blockade
British blockade devastated Nantucket's whaling industry.
Draft Riots
Violent protests against military conscription in 1863.
Anaconda Plan
Union strategy to blockade Southern ports.
Richmond Bread Riots
Women protesting food shortages in Richmond.
Wilmot Proviso
Proposal to ban slavery in Mexican territories.
Free Soil Party
Political group opposing slavery in new territories.
Black Codes
Laws restricting rights of freed slaves.
Enforcement Acts
Laws to protect black voters from KKK.
Amnesty Act of 1872
Restored voting rights to former Confederates.
Panic of 1873
Economic depression following financial failures.
Election of 1876
Controversial election with disputed results.
Civil War Casualties
Over 620,000 soldiers died in the conflict.
Union Park Rally
Troop recruitment event in NYC, April 1861.
James Madison's Dinner
Symbolic embarrassment during the British invasion.
Ulysses Grant's View
Condemned the Mexican-American War as wicked.
Henry David Thoreau
Protested Mexican War by refusing to pay taxes.
Riot against Federalists
Baltimore citizens attacked Federalist printing press.
Civil War Enthusiasm
Initial belief in a quick resolution to conflict.
Disguised Women Soldiers
Women fought in the army as men.
Loyalist Attacks
New Jersey faced guerrilla warfare from loyalists.
Post-War Reconstruction
Efforts to rebuild and reform the South.
KKK's Intimidation
Used violence to suppress black voter turnout.
Rutherford B. Hayes
Republican candidate in the disputed 1876 election.
Samuel J. Tilden
Democratic candidate in the 1876 election.
Civil War Divisions
North and South had conflicting war goals.
Baltimore's 'Mob Town'
Nickname due to frequent riots and violence.