Class 6: Cognition

Cognition

Mental processes that allow us to process information including remembering, perceiving, communicating, judging, and thinking through problems

Bounded reality

Our own reality and ability to make decisions is bounded by our limited resources

The controlled system

This slow-acting system requires conscious attention and effort and allows rational and logical thought

The automatic system

This fast and effortless system allows intuitive reactions and responses

Heuristics

Mental tools that people use to navigate everyday judgments and decisions

Representativeness heuristic

A mental shortcut for judging the likelihood of something based on similarity to a prototype

availability heuristic

a mental shortcut for deciding how frequent or probable something is based on how easily examples come to mind

affect heuristic

A mental shortcut for making judgments and decisions that involves relying on affect-the feelings we associate with various objects and events in the world

Confirmation Bias

The tendency to look for and weigh evidence that confirms preexisting beliefs more strongly than evidence that is inconsistent with those beliefs

Framing

The way in which options are presented affects decision-making

Anchoring

the tendency, in making judgments, to rely on the first piece of information encountered or information that comes most quickly to mind

Cognitive Phenomena

Cognitive attributations, fundamental attribution error, overconfidence bias, self-fulfilling prophecy