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Critical care
is a specialty within nursing that deals specifically
with human responses to life threatening
problems.
Critical care
is direct delivery of medical care for a critically ill or injured
patient.
True
True or False:
The aim of the critical care is to see that one provides a care such that patient improves and survives the acute illness or tides over the acute exacerbation of the chronic illness.
Florence Nightingale
Who started the concept of critical care?
Lydia Hall
In 1995, she originated the term (care cure, core) and developed the 3 steps: note observation, ministration, validation.
Dorothy Johnson
In 1959, she concluded “ Nursing seen as fostering the behavioral functioning of the client”
Jean Orlando
In 1961, she identified 3 steps: client’s behavior, nurse’s reaction, nurse’s action. “Nursing process set into motion by client’s behavior”
Weidenbach
In 1963, he/she was among the first to use it to refer to a series of phases describing the process.
Yura and Walsh
In 1967, they suggested the 4 components-APIE
ANA
In 1973, they published standards of nursing practice, Diagnosis distinguished as separate step of nursing process.
Critical Care Nurses of the Philippines
This organization is responsible for the promotion of man’s health and welfare for national development. It desires to support the professional and personal growth and development of initial core nurses.
PRC-BON
In the Philippines, this organization is committed to provide need-driven, effective and efficient specialty nursing care services of high standard and at international level within the obtainable resources
Emergency
A sudden, urgent, usually unforeseen occurrence requiring
immediate action
Triage
A French word trier meaning “to sort,” refers to the process of rapidly determining patient acuity.
Three-tier triage
Five-tier triage
Emergency Hospital Triage
Triage in Hospital setting
Emergent
What three-tier triage is this:
Patients require immediate treatment within minutes or patients may die
Involves emergency cases with problems in
the ABC’s (airway, breathing and circulation).
Within 15-30 minutes
Urgent
What three-tier triage is this:
Evacuation is required within two hours to
save life or limb;
Delay in care may occur for a limited time
without significant mortality;
Can wait up to 2 hours
Non-Urgent
What three-tier triage is this:
Patients have non-life threatening conditions and likely need only one resource to provide for their needs
More than 2 hours
Emergent, Urgent, Non-urgent
What is the three-tier triage:
Resuscitation, Urgent, Non-urgent, emergent, less urgent
What is the five-tier triage?
Emergency Nursing Association (ENA ) 2011
Where is the five-tier triage based on?
Level 1 Resuscitation
This level includes patients who need immediate nursing and medical attention, such as those with cardiopulmonary arrest, major trauma, severe respiratory distress and seizures.
Level 2 Emergent
This level indicates that patients needs immediate nursing assessment and rapid treatment such as head injuries, chest pain, stroke, asthma and sexual assault injuries
Level 3 Urgent
This level indicates that patients need quick attention but can wait as long as 30 minutes for an assessment and treatment, such as with signs of infection, mild respiratory distress, or moderate pain
Level 4 Less Urgent
This level indicates patients in this triage category can wait up to 1 hour for an assessment and treatment, such as earache, chronic back pain, upper respiratory symptoms, and mild headache
Level 5 Non urgent
This level indicates that patients can wait up to 2 hours for an
assessment and treatment such as sore throat, menstrual cramps and other minor symptoms.
Richard Wuerz and David Eitel
The ESI 5-level triage acuity scale was developed by two ED physicians whom are?
Emergency Severity Index (ESI) version 5
Developed as a proxy measure of physiologic stability and risk for deterioration
Category 1
obvious emergency
treatable life threatening illness or injury
cardiac arrest, chest pain, severe bleeding and shock
Category 2
Serious but not life threatening needs/full evaluation/ tx by the physician
Acute DOB, burns without any airway problems, multiple bone or join injuries
Back injuries with or without spinal damage
Category III
Pending emergency
Abdominal Pain
High Fever
Category IV
Outpatient department cases
Mild URTI
Sore throat
Low grade fever
Black, Red, Delayed, Minor
What are the colors of triage in mass casualties?
Expectant, Immediate, Delayed, Minor
What are the following designation of the colors for triage in mass casualties?
Airway and alertness
Breathing
Circulation
Disability
Exposure and environmental control
Facilitate adjunct and family
Get resuscitation adjuncts
What are the primary survey consist of?