Chapter 14: Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Effects on Organs

Iris

Parasympathetic: constricts pupils
Sympathetic: dilates pupils

ciliary muscle

Parasympathetic: helps lens bulge
Sympathetic: flattens lens

glands

Parasympathetic: helps secrete
Sympathetic: inhibits secretion

salivary gland

Parasympathetic: stimulates secretion
Sympathetic: stimulates thick saliva

sweat glands

Parasympathetic: no innervation
Sympathetic: stimulates copious sweating

adrenal medulla

Parasympathetic: no innervation
Sympathetic: secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine

arrector pili muscles

Parasympathetic: no innervation
Sympathetic: stimulates goosebumps

heart (muscle)

Parasympathetic: decreases heart rate
Sympathetic: increases heart rate

heart (blood vessels)

Parasympathetic: no innervation
Sympathetic: contracts vessels

bladder/urethra

Parasympathetic: promotes voiding
Sympathetic: inhibits voiding

lungs

Parasympathetic: constricts bronchioles
Sympathetic: dilates bronchioles

digestive tract organs

Parasympathetic: relaxes sphincter
Sympathetic: constricts sphincters

liver

Parasympathetic: increases glucose uptake
Sympathetic: releases glucose into the blood

gallbladder

Parasympathetic: excites
Sympathetic: inhibits

kidney

Parasympathetic: no effect
Sympathetic: promotes renin release

penis

Parasympathetic: causes erection
Sympathetic: causes ejaculation

vagina/clitoris

Parasympathetic: vaginal lubrication and clitoral erection
Sympathetic: causes vagina to contract

blood coagulation

Parasympathetic: no innervation
Sympathetic: increase coagulation

cellular metabolism

Parasympathetic: no innervation
Sympathetic: increases metabolism

adipose tissue

Parasympathetic: no innervation
Sympathetic: stimulates fat breakdown