Sensation & Perception Quiz 1

A synapse is the junction between _______ that permits information transfer.

Neurons

In signal detection theory, the _______ is a value that defines the ease with which an observer can tell the difference between the presence and absence of a stimulus or the difference between stimulus 1 and stimulus 2.

Sensitivity

Absolute threshold is often defined as the minimum amount of stimulation necessary for a person to detect a stimulus _______% of the time.

50

The chemical substances used in neuronal communication at synapses is known as

Neurotransmitters.

_______ is a technique that measures changes in magnetic activity across populations of many neurons in the brain.

MEG

_______ is the ability to detect a stimulus and, perhaps, to turn that detection into a private experience.

Sensation

_______ describes the relationship between a stimulus and its resulting sensation by proposing that the magnitude of the resulting sensation increases proportionally to the logarithm of the stimulus intensity.

Fechner’s Law

Stevens' power law describes the relationship between a _______ and a(n) _______.

Stimulus / Sensation

Dualism is the idea that:

The mind has an existence separate from the body.

The figure below is an illustration of:

Fechner’s Law

The twelve pairs of nerves that originate in the brain stem and reach sense organs and muscles through openings in the skull are called the

Cranial Nerves

_______ is a technique that, using multiple electrodes on the scalp, measures changes in electrical activity across populations of many neurons in the brain.

EEG

_______ is a mathematical procedure by which a signal can be separated into component sine waves at different frequencies. Combining these sine waves will reproduce the original signal.

Fourier Analysis

JND is the:

Smallest detectable difference between two stimuli.

In the following figure, which structure is labeled "2"?

Cerebral Cortex

Which of the following represents the normal order of activation in neuronal transmission?

Dendrite - Soma - Axon - Terminal Bouton

Which is NOT a lobe of the cerebral cortex?

Lateral

In the following figure, the terminal boutons are labeled:

B

In the following figure, the soma is labeled:

C

Etymology of retina

comes from Latin word for “net”

Etymology of Dendrite

Greek word for branches of a tree

Which of the following terms describes set of methods that generates images of the structure and/or function of the brain in living, behaving humans?

Neuroimaging

_______ is the founder of psychophysics.

Fechner

_______ imaging technology defines locations in the brain where neurons are especially active using safe radioactive isotopes to measure the metabolism of brain cells.

PET

If a stimulus is present and the observer reports it as present, this is called a

Hit

_______ is the science of defining quantitative relationships between physical and psychological events.

Psychophysics

The method of _______ requires the experimenter to vary a perceptible stimulus until it is no longer perceived, or an imperceptible stimulus until it is finally perceived.

Limits

The smallest detectable difference between two stimuli is called the:

Just Noticeable Difference

Signal detection theory describes how observers respond to _____ in the presence of _____.

Signals / Noise

In what neuron structure do action potentials occur?

Axon

In the following figure, which letter represents the temporal lobe?

C

Neurons communicate information using an “electrochemical” process. The all-or-none electrical signal is referred to as a(n):

Action Potential

In signal detection theory, the _______ is an internal threshold that is set by the observer.

Criterion

This part of the neuron receives information from upstream neurons.

Dendrites

_______ is an imaging technology that uses the responses of atoms to strong magnetic fields to form images of structures, like the brain.

MRI

This is the longest part of the neuron and can be up to several meters long in some cases.

Axon

In a referee's uniform, the number of white and black stripes per inch could be considered its

Spatial Frequency

_______ is a psychophysical method in which the participant assigns values according to perceived magnitudes of the stimuli.

Magnitude estimation

This part of the neuron synapses with downstream neurons.

Axon Terminals

In the following figure, which letter represents the temporal lobe?

C

In the following figure, the terminal boutons are labeled:

B

In the following figure, which structure is labeled "3"?

Cerebellum

A ________ is a bulge located between adjacent grooves in the surface of the human cortex.

Gyrus

_______ makes it possible to measure localized patterns of activity in the brain by tracing changing levels of blood oxygenation.

fMRI

The doctrine of specific nerve energies states that our sensations depend on

Which sensory fibers are stimulated.

If you are in a completely dark room and accidentally hit your head, you might see “stars.” Despite the fact that there was only mechanical stimulation to your eyes and no light, you still had an experience of light. This observation is described by

The Doctrine of Specific Nerve Energies.

The criminal justice system in United States is designed to be biased such that it would rather let a guilty person go free than convict an innocent person. In terms of signal detection theory, the courts would rather have a _______ than a _______.

Miss / False Alarm

Weber proposed that the smallest change in a stimulus that can be detected is a(n) _______ proportion of the stimulus level.

Constant

_______ describes the relationship between a stimulus and its resulting sensation by proposing that the magnitude of the resulting sensation increases proportionally to the logarithm of the stimulus intensity.

Fechner’s Law

The method of _______ requires the observer to alter the strength of a stimulus until it matches some criterion.

Adjustment

_______ imaging technology defines locations in the brain where neurons are especially active using safe radioactive isotopes to measure the metabolism of brain cells.

PET

_______ is the principle that describes the relationship between a stimulus and its resulting sensation that says the magnitude of subjective sensation is proportional to the stimulus magnitude, raised to an exponent.

Stevens' Power Law

In which portion of a neuron would you expect to find the largest number of vesicles?

In synaptic boutons.

How many neurons & glial cells are there

85 billion (each)

Etymology for glia

“glue”

How does information flow in nervous system

Within a neuron - electrical

Between neurons - chemical

Which ion has a lot on the outside and little on the inside

Na+ (sodium)

When there is a toxic substance blocking the voltage gated sodium channels, what would happen to membrane

The membrane’s resting potential would be the same, it would not be able to produce an action potential though. It would stay in the “at rest” graph.

how do you measure voltage of a cell

Put electrodes on the inside and outside of the cell to compare.

Examples of absolute threshold

Hearing: can hear a watch ticking 20 feet away

Taste: teaspoon of sugar in 2 gallons of water

Vision: stars at night

Touch: feel a wing of a fly fall on you from 3 in