vaccines

vaccine

trigger protective immune responses that prepare the immune system to fight future infections

Killed/ inactivated vaccines

• contain dead target pathogen

• pathogen cannot replicate in host

live/ modified vaccines

• contain live target pathogens but are modified to be less dangerous to the host

• pathogen can replicate in host

core vaccines

required for all dogs/ cats of all ages

dogs core vaccines

rabies and combo vaccine

dogs COMBO vaccines

• canine distemper virus

• canine adenovirus

• canine parvovirus

• canine parinfluenza

cats core vaccine

rabies, FVRCP, FeLV (leukemia virus)

feline FVRCP

• feline rhinotracheitis

• feline calicivirus

• feline panleukopenia

non- core vaccines

available for patients and are recommended/ injected based on the individual's risk

dogs non core vaccines

bordatella, canine influenza, lyme, leptospirosis

cats non-core vaccines

bordatella, chlamydia

canine distemper

caused by canine distemper virus and attacks multiple body systems leading to various clinical signs

canine adenovirus

COMBO vaccine used to prevent; contains live type 2

Kennel cough

caused by a mix of pathogens including viruses (covered by CORE combo vaccine) and bacteria (covered by non-core vaccines)

kennel cough viruses

• canine parainfluenza virus

• canine adenovirus

• canine distemper virus

kennel cough bacteria

• bordatella bronchiseptica

significance kennel cough

highly contagious and outbreaks are common in boarding facilities and shelters

• bordatella Vx (non- Core) regularly recommended for patients frequent common outbreak centers

canine parvovirus clinical signs

vomiting diarrhea- dehydration

• diarrhea regularly has blood (hematochezia)

canine parvovirus prognosis

• poor prognosis with deaths occuring quickly after onset of symptoms

• COMBO vaccines used to prevent ( contains live canine parvovirus)

feline rhinotracheitis (FVR)

caused by feline herpesvirus -1 and seen by cornal ulceration

significance of FVR

90% of cats are exposed to herpesvirus -1: very widespread disease in feline populations

• most prominent cause for cornal ulcerations and conjunctivitis

FVRCP vaccine vs. FVR

does not prevent a cat from being infected withe Feline herpes virus -1 but will lessen the symptoms

Feline Calicivirus (FCV)

seen in feline chronic gingivostomatitis or acute limping syndrome

FVRCP vs. FCV

FVRCP does not prevent a cat from being infected but will lessen the symptoms

feline panleukopenia (FPV) aka feline distemper or feline parvo

caused by feline parvovirus

clinical signs of FPV (feline leukopenia)

kittens infected by mother can develop non-progressive mild, moderate, or severe cerebellar hypoplasia

FVRCP vaccine vs. FPV

FVRCP prevents parvovirus therefore preventing feline panleukopenia

significance of FeLV ( feline leukemia virus)

not a CORE vaccine for adult cats, given only when there are other FeLV positive cats in the house

rabies virus clinical signs

sudden behavior changes and acute neurological signs

rabies diagnosis

true diagnosis can only be done on post-mortem brain tissue

• required sample is a cross- section of the cerebellum and brainstem for the direct fluorescent antibody test

rabies prognosis

100% mortality rate

signifcance of rabies vaccine

• required by state law to vaccinate pets for rabies; some states have looser laws and some states have exemption clauses

• rabies vaccine is a killed vaccine that is highly immunogenicity and effective

methods of administration

subcutaneous, intranasal, oral

canine subcutaneous vaccination

• rabies Vx injected into right rear front leg

• COMBO Vx injected into right front leg

feline subcutaneous vaccination

• rabies Vx injected in right rear leg

• FVRCP injected in right front leg

• FeLV vx injected in left hind leg

feline subcutaneous vaccination levels

given as low possible to prevent feline injection site sarcoma

feline injection site sarcoma

cats can develop aggressive fibrosarcomas at injection sites

• neoplasms have a high recurrence rate, are localy aggressive, and have a metastasis rate of 23%

treatment for site sarcoma

aggressive surgical removal

• lower vaccines allow for easier amputatuon and complete removal of the tumor in the case of FISS

must keep track of location (FISS)

• helps facilitate management of vaccine associated sarcomas

• helps avoid mutliple injections at one site

• aids in documentation of which vaccines were injected where

risk of FISS does NOT outweigh the risks of disease of contraction

the only exception where we could not vaccinate is in cats who have already had multiple FISS