General Anatomy and Physiology Practice Test Flashcards

Flashcards based on the General Anatomy and Physiology review test (Chapter 6).

What is the colorless, jellylike substance in which food elements like protein, fats, carbohydrates, mineral salts, and water are present?

Protoplasm

What are the three principal parts of a cell?

Nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane

Which part of the cell is located in the center and plays an important role in cell reproduction?

Nucleus

What is the name for the protoplasm of a cell that surrounds the nucleus?

Cytoplasm

What is the process by which cells reproduce by dividing into two identical daughter cells?

Mitosis

Cells will continue to grow and thrive as long as they have the proper temperature, elimination of waste products, and an adequate supply of what?

Food, oxygen, and water

What is the complex chemical process whereby body cells are nourished and supplied with energy?

Metabolism

What is the process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones while storing water, food, and oxygen for cell growth and repair?

Anabolism

What is the process of breaking down larger substances or molecules into smaller ones?

Catabolism

Which type of tissue binds together, protects, and supports various parts of the body?

Connective

What are groups of cells of the same kind called?

Tissues

According to the lesson plan, during which process can energy be stored by special molecules and used for muscle contraction, secretion, or heat production?

Catabolism

What is the protective covering on body surfaces, such as the skin and mucous membranes?

Epithelial tissue

Which tissue carries messages to and from the brain while controlling and coordinating all body functions?

Nerve

What are the structures of the body that are designed to accomplish a specific function?

Organs

What are groups of organs that cooperate for the welfare of the entire body called?

Systems

What is another name for the integumentary system?

Skin

What is another name for the skeletal system?

Bones

What is another name for the circulatory system?

Blood supply

What system are the stomach and intestines part of?

Digestive

What is the uppermost and largest bone of the arm?

Humerus

What is the study of the structure, functions, and diseases of the muscles?

Myology

What are the three parts of a muscle?

Origin, insertion, and belly

What is another name for voluntary muscles that can be controlled by the will?

Striated

What are three ways muscular tissue can be stimulated?

Massage, heat, and chemicals

Which muscles produce the contour of the front and inner side of the upper arm and lift the forearm?

Biceps

Which muscle turns the hand outward and the palm upward?

Supinator

Which muscle straightens the wrist, hand, and fingers to form a straight line?

Extensor

Which muscles are located at the base of each digit and separate the fingers?

Abductor

Which muscles are involved in the bending of the wrist?

Flexors

Which muscles assist in the swinging of the arms?

Pectoralis

What is the name of the heavy, long bone that forms the leg above the knee?

Femur

What is the larger of the two bones that form the leg below the knee?

Tibia

What is the formal name for the accessory bone that forms the kneecap?

Patella

How many bones make up the foot?

$$26$$

Which muscle originates at the upper portion of the fibula and bends the foot down?

Peroneus

Which muscle originates on the lower surface of the fibula and bends the foot down and out?

Peroneus brevis

Which nerve extends down the leg just under the skin and supplies impulses to the leg muscles, skin, and toes?

Common peroneal

Which nerve supplies impulses to the skin on the outer side and back of the foot and leg?

Sural nerve

Which nerve supplies impulses to the skin on the top of the foot?

Dorsal nerve

Which artery divides into the anterior tibial and the posterior tibial?

Popliteal

Which muscle is responsible for separating the toes?

Abductor

What are the components of the lymphatic or immune system?

Lymph, lymph nodes, thymus gland, spleen, and lymph vessels

Which gland plays a major role in sexual development, sleep, and metabolism?

Pineal

Which gland affects almost every physiological process of the body?

Pituitary

Which gland secretes about $30$ steroid hormones and controls metabolic processes?

Adrenal

Which gland regulates blood calcium and phosphorus levels?

Parathyroid

Which system is responsible for perpetuating the human race?

Reproductive

What is the act of breathing in through the nose or mouth called?

Inhalation