Ap world midterm unit 5 + 6

The enlightenment

Movement that applied scientific revolution to everyday life; most philosophers were French

Deism

A form of rational theology that emerged among “freethinking” Europeans. Insisted that religious truth should be subject to the authority of human reason than divine revelation

Declaration of Independence

The document that started the American Revolution formally

Louis XVI

King of France (1774-1792). Summoned the Estates-general, but he did not grant the reforms that were demanded and revolution followed.

Napoleon Bonaparte

Popular authoritarianism: limited the church: liberal reforms; forced French culture upon conquered people; repressed women & freedoms of speech/press

Toussaint Louverture

Leader of the Haitian revolution. Freed skates and gained effective independence for Haiti despite military interventions by the British and French. (Former slave)

Simon Bolivar

Led Venezuela’s independence, inspired others, was smart, military elite, led by force/charisma to gain mulattoes/slaves/natives as allies, promised them gains but lied

Conservatism

Political viewpoint with origins in Western Europe during the 19th century; opposed revolutionary goals; advocated restoration of monarchy and defense of the church

Liberalism

Political viewpoint with origins in Western Europe during the 19th century; stressed limited state interference in individual life, representation of propertied people in government; urged importance of constitutional rule and parliaments

Nationalism

Feeling patriotic pride and devotion

Metternich

German born Austrian politician and statesman and one of the most important diplomats of his era, served as the foreign minister of the Holy Roman Empire and its successor state, the Austrian empire

Otto von Bismarck

Served as prime minister of Prussia and was the founder and first chancellor of German empire

James watt

Inventor and instrument maker. Although he invented and improved a number of industrial technologies, he is best known for his improvements to the steam engine.

Eli Whitney

U.s born inventor, patented the cotton gin, a machine that revolutionized the production of cotton and speeded up process of removing seeds from cotton ciber

Socialism

An economic system based on state ownership of capital

Marx and Engels

German social philosophers who advocated an economic and social theory known as Marxism. (Marxism: theory that human actions and institutions are economically determined and that class struggle is needed to create historical change)

Manifest destiny

The belief that the United States was destined to stretch from the Atlantic seaboard to the Pacific Ocean by god’s will and it has also been used to justify other Territorial acquisitions made by the United States

Abraham Lincoln

The United states’ 16th president, issued the Emancipation proclamation that declared forever free those slaves within the confederacy

John A MacDonald

The first prime minister of Canada, the dominant figure of Canadian confederation, he had a political career that spanned almost half a century.

Benito Juarez

National hero and president of Mexico. Fought against foreign occupation under the emperor Maximilian for 3 years

Pancho villa and Zapata

Mexican revolutionary leader in the northern Mexico and Mexican revolutionary commander of a guerrilla movement centered at Morelos; demanded sweeping land reform.

Reconstruction

The period that followed the American civil war when several United States administrations sought to reconstruct society in the former confederate states in particular by establishing and protecting legal rights of the newly freed black population

Louis riel

A Canadian politician who founded the province Manitoba and a political and spiritual leader of the Métis people of the Canadian prairies