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Climate Responsive Architecture
Design that adapts to local climate conditions.
Global Climate Zones
Regions categorized by similar climate characteristics.
Polar Climate Zone
Characterized by extremely cold temperatures year-round.
Cool Climate Zone
Moderate temperatures with distinct seasonal changes.
Temperate Climate Zone
Mild temperatures, suitable for diverse vegetation.
Hot Humid Climate Zone
High temperatures and humidity, minimal seasonal variation.
Hot Arid Climate Zone
Characterized by high temperatures and low precipitation.
Tropic of Cancer
Northernmost latitude of the tropics at 23.5° N.
Tropic of Capricorn
Southernmost latitude of the tropics at 23.5° S.
Tropical Climates
Regions where annual mean temperature exceeds 20°C.
Dominant Problem in Tropical Design
Heat management is crucial for occupant comfort.
Macroclimate
Climate of a large area, such as a region.
Mesoclimate
Climate of a specific area within a macroclimate.
Microclimate
Localized climate conditions in a small area.
Vitruvius
Ancient Roman architect emphasizing climate in design.
Warm Humid Climate
Found between 7º N and S of the equator.
Hot Dry Desert Climate
Characterized by extreme heat and minimal rainfall.
Hot Dry Maritime Desert Climate
Coastal deserts with high temperatures and low humidity.
Composite/Monsoon Climate
Seasonal heavy rainfall with dry periods.
Tropical Upland Climate
Higher elevation areas with cooler temperatures.
Warm Humid Island Climate
Islands with stable high humidity and temperatures.
Design Strategies for Tropical Climates
Include raised floors and shaded terraces for ventilation.
Warm Humid Climate
High humidity and temperatures, cloudy skies.
Examples of Warm Humid
Brisbane, Indonesia, Caribbean, Barbados, Venezuela.
Hot Dry Climate Location
15º to 30º north and south of equator.
Hot Dry Climate Conditions
Hot days, cold nights, low humidity.
Examples of Hot Dry
Arizona, Dubai, Qatar, Mexico.
Hot Dry Maritime Desert Location
15º to 30º north and south of equator.
Hot Dry Maritime Conditions
High humidity, hot days, cold nights.
Examples of Hot Dry Maritime
Arizona, California, Santa Barbara County, Mexico.
Monsoon or Transition Location
23.5º north and south of equator.
Monsoon or Transition Conditions
Dry and rainy, low humidity, strong winds.
Countries with Monsoon Climate
New Delhi, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Brazil.
Tropical Upland Location
Mountain regions above 900 meters elevation.
Tropical Upland Conditions
Temperature swings, 24-30º by day, 4-10º by night.
Examples of Tropical Upland
Quito, Nairobi, Savanna, Jamaica.
Macroclimate
Climate of large geographic areas or zones.
Meso Climate
Main climatic features of smaller geographic areas.
Local Climate
Climate of small areas, not representative of district.
Microclimate
Specific climate conditions in a very localized area.
Moderate Temperature Range
Temperatures typically between 20-30°C.
Quantitative Climate Indexes
Indexes that refer to entire geographic areas.
Climatic Characteristics Intervals
Intervals where climatic characteristics change across areas.
Tropical Climate Characteristics
Includes warm humid, hot dry, and upland climates.
Evaporation Cooling
Cooling effect from water evaporation in houses.
Outdoor Kitchens Benefits
Reduce heat, pests, and fire hazards.
Intense Rainfall
Heavy precipitation typical in warm humid climates.
Abundant Vegetation
Rich plant life found in warm humid areas.
Fungi Problems
Fungi thrive in warm humid climates.
Microclimate
Localized climate conditions within a small area.
Amihan
Northeast trade winds season in the Philippines.
Habagat
Southwest monsoon season with heavy rainfall.
Tropical Climate
Characterized by high temperature and humidity.
Climate Types
Four categories based on rainfall distribution.
Type I Climate
Dry from November to April, wet rest of year.
Type II Climate
No dry season, heavy rainfall from November to January.
Type III Climate
Less pronounced seasons, dry November to April.
Type IV Climate
Rainfall evenly distributed throughout the year.
PAG-ASA
Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services.
Summer Monsoon
Brings heavy rains from May to October.
Annual Average Rainfall
Ranges from 1,000 to 5,000 millimeters.
Wind Direction Switch
Indicator of seasonal transition between Amihan and Habagat.
Vegetation Canopy
Influences microclimate through shading and humidity.
Local Topography
Affects microclimate by altering wind and temperature.
Heat Balance
Energy exchange affecting temperature and climate conditions.
Evaporation
Process influencing humidity and local climate.
Dew and Frost
Weather phenomena impacting microclimate conditions.
Latitude Influence
Affects climate by determining solar radiation levels.
Elevation Impact
Higher altitudes generally lead to cooler temperatures.
Seasonal Variations
Changes in climate patterns throughout the year.
Rainfall Distribution
Key factor in determining climate type.
Turbulence
Air movement affecting local weather conditions.
Soil Nature
Influences moisture retention and vegetation growth.
Temperature Variations
Key element in defining microclimatic conditions.
Humidity Levels
Critical factor in tropical climate characterization.
Climate Map
Visual representation of climate types in the Philippines.
Tropical Cyclones
Storms causing significant rainfall in the Philippines.
Annual Rainfall
Varies from 965 to 4,064 millimeters.
Baguio City
Receives the highest rainfall in the Philippines.
July 1911 Cyclone
Wettest cyclone, dropped 1,168 mm in 24 hours.
Humidity
High moisture levels affecting temperature perception.
Moisture-Bearing Winds
Winds bringing moisture, influencing rainfall distribution.
General Santos City
Has an average annual rainfall of 978 mm.
Typhoons
Tropical cyclones affecting the Philippines from July to October.
Bagyo
Local term for tropical cyclone in the Philippines.
PAGASA
Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration.
Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR)
Designated area monitored for weather disturbances.
Typhoon Uring (Thelma)
Deadliest typhoon, caused 5,080 fatalities in 1991.
Typhoon Reming (Durian)
Strongest typhoon, peak gust of 320 km/h recorded.
Tropical Depression
Winds between 55-64 km/h near its center.
Tropical Storm
Winds between 65-119 km/h near its center.
Typhoon
Winds between 120-185 km/h near its center.
Super Typhoon
Winds exceeding 185 km/h near its center.
Rainfall Distribution
Varies by region due to geographical factors.
Eastern Samar
One of the wettest regions in the Philippines.
Cotabato
Southern region with the least rainfall.
Evaporation
Process contributing to high humidity in the Philippines.
Northeasterly Winds
Prevailing winds affecting eastern rainfall patterns.
Westerly Winds
Increase rainfall in western Philippines during wet season.
Dry Season
Period with less rainfall, typically in summer.
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