Understanding Tropical Climate and Architecture

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109 Terms

1

Climate Responsive Architecture

Design that adapts to local climate conditions.

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2

Global Climate Zones

Regions categorized by similar climate characteristics.

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3

Polar Climate Zone

Characterized by extremely cold temperatures year-round.

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4

Cool Climate Zone

Moderate temperatures with distinct seasonal changes.

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5

Temperate Climate Zone

Mild temperatures, suitable for diverse vegetation.

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6

Hot Humid Climate Zone

High temperatures and humidity, minimal seasonal variation.

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7

Hot Arid Climate Zone

Characterized by high temperatures and low precipitation.

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8

Tropic of Cancer

Northernmost latitude of the tropics at 23.5° N.

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9

Tropic of Capricorn

Southernmost latitude of the tropics at 23.5° S.

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10

Tropical Climates

Regions where annual mean temperature exceeds 20°C.

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11

Dominant Problem in Tropical Design

Heat management is crucial for occupant comfort.

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12

Macroclimate

Climate of a large area, such as a region.

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13

Mesoclimate

Climate of a specific area within a macroclimate.

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14

Microclimate

Localized climate conditions in a small area.

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15

Vitruvius

Ancient Roman architect emphasizing climate in design.

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16

Warm Humid Climate

Found between 7º N and S of the equator.

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17

Hot Dry Desert Climate

Characterized by extreme heat and minimal rainfall.

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18

Hot Dry Maritime Desert Climate

Coastal deserts with high temperatures and low humidity.

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19

Composite/Monsoon Climate

Seasonal heavy rainfall with dry periods.

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20

Tropical Upland Climate

Higher elevation areas with cooler temperatures.

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21

Warm Humid Island Climate

Islands with stable high humidity and temperatures.

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22

Design Strategies for Tropical Climates

Include raised floors and shaded terraces for ventilation.

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23

Warm Humid Climate

High humidity and temperatures, cloudy skies.

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24

Examples of Warm Humid

Brisbane, Indonesia, Caribbean, Barbados, Venezuela.

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25

Hot Dry Climate Location

15º to 30º north and south of equator.

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26

Hot Dry Climate Conditions

Hot days, cold nights, low humidity.

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27

Examples of Hot Dry

Arizona, Dubai, Qatar, Mexico.

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28

Hot Dry Maritime Desert Location

15º to 30º north and south of equator.

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29

Hot Dry Maritime Conditions

High humidity, hot days, cold nights.

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30

Examples of Hot Dry Maritime

Arizona, California, Santa Barbara County, Mexico.

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31

Monsoon or Transition Location

23.5º north and south of equator.

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32

Monsoon or Transition Conditions

Dry and rainy, low humidity, strong winds.

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33

Countries with Monsoon Climate

New Delhi, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Brazil.

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34

Tropical Upland Location

Mountain regions above 900 meters elevation.

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35

Tropical Upland Conditions

Temperature swings, 24-30º by day, 4-10º by night.

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36

Examples of Tropical Upland

Quito, Nairobi, Savanna, Jamaica.

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37

Macroclimate

Climate of large geographic areas or zones.

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38

Meso Climate

Main climatic features of smaller geographic areas.

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39

Local Climate

Climate of small areas, not representative of district.

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40

Microclimate

Specific climate conditions in a very localized area.

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41

Moderate Temperature Range

Temperatures typically between 20-30°C.

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42

Quantitative Climate Indexes

Indexes that refer to entire geographic areas.

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43

Climatic Characteristics Intervals

Intervals where climatic characteristics change across areas.

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44

Tropical Climate Characteristics

Includes warm humid, hot dry, and upland climates.

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45

Evaporation Cooling

Cooling effect from water evaporation in houses.

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46

Outdoor Kitchens Benefits

Reduce heat, pests, and fire hazards.

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47

Intense Rainfall

Heavy precipitation typical in warm humid climates.

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48

Abundant Vegetation

Rich plant life found in warm humid areas.

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49

Fungi Problems

Fungi thrive in warm humid climates.

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50

Microclimate

Localized climate conditions within a small area.

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51

Amihan

Northeast trade winds season in the Philippines.

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52

Habagat

Southwest monsoon season with heavy rainfall.

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53

Tropical Climate

Characterized by high temperature and humidity.

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54

Climate Types

Four categories based on rainfall distribution.

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55

Type I Climate

Dry from November to April, wet rest of year.

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56

Type II Climate

No dry season, heavy rainfall from November to January.

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57

Type III Climate

Less pronounced seasons, dry November to April.

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58

Type IV Climate

Rainfall evenly distributed throughout the year.

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59

PAG-ASA

Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services.

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60

Summer Monsoon

Brings heavy rains from May to October.

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61

Annual Average Rainfall

Ranges from 1,000 to 5,000 millimeters.

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62

Wind Direction Switch

Indicator of seasonal transition between Amihan and Habagat.

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63

Vegetation Canopy

Influences microclimate through shading and humidity.

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64

Local Topography

Affects microclimate by altering wind and temperature.

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65

Heat Balance

Energy exchange affecting temperature and climate conditions.

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66

Evaporation

Process influencing humidity and local climate.

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67

Dew and Frost

Weather phenomena impacting microclimate conditions.

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68

Latitude Influence

Affects climate by determining solar radiation levels.

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69

Elevation Impact

Higher altitudes generally lead to cooler temperatures.

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70

Seasonal Variations

Changes in climate patterns throughout the year.

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71

Rainfall Distribution

Key factor in determining climate type.

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72

Turbulence

Air movement affecting local weather conditions.

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73

Soil Nature

Influences moisture retention and vegetation growth.

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74

Temperature Variations

Key element in defining microclimatic conditions.

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75

Humidity Levels

Critical factor in tropical climate characterization.

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76

Climate Map

Visual representation of climate types in the Philippines.

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77

Tropical Cyclones

Storms causing significant rainfall in the Philippines.

<p>Storms causing significant rainfall in the Philippines.</p>
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78

Annual Rainfall

Varies from 965 to 4,064 millimeters.

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79

Baguio City

Receives the highest rainfall in the Philippines.

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80

July 1911 Cyclone

Wettest cyclone, dropped 1,168 mm in 24 hours.

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81

Humidity

High moisture levels affecting temperature perception.

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82

Moisture-Bearing Winds

Winds bringing moisture, influencing rainfall distribution.

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83

General Santos City

Has an average annual rainfall of 978 mm.

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84

Typhoons

Tropical cyclones affecting the Philippines from July to October.

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85

Bagyo

Local term for tropical cyclone in the Philippines.

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86

PAGASA

Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration.

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87

Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR)

Designated area monitored for weather disturbances.

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88

Typhoon Uring (Thelma)

Deadliest typhoon, caused 5,080 fatalities in 1991.

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89

Typhoon Reming (Durian)

Strongest typhoon, peak gust of 320 km/h recorded.

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90

Tropical Depression

Winds between 55-64 km/h near its center.

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91

Tropical Storm

Winds between 65-119 km/h near its center.

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92

Typhoon

Winds between 120-185 km/h near its center.

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93

Super Typhoon

Winds exceeding 185 km/h near its center.

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94

Rainfall Distribution

Varies by region due to geographical factors.

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95

Eastern Samar

One of the wettest regions in the Philippines.

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96

Cotabato

Southern region with the least rainfall.

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97

Evaporation

Process contributing to high humidity in the Philippines.

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98

Northeasterly Winds

Prevailing winds affecting eastern rainfall patterns.

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99

Westerly Winds

Increase rainfall in western Philippines during wet season.

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100

Dry Season

Period with less rainfall, typically in summer.

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