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Tonic
The pitch around which other pitches are organized
Range
The span between the lowest and highest pitches of a melody
Scale
The organization of a collection of pitches up or down by steps
Triad
Collection of three pitches called the root, third, and fifth
Tonic Triad
A triad built on the tonic
Tonal System
A system where pitches are organized hierarchically
Major-Minor Tonality (Fundamental Tonality)
Western tonality
Scale Degrees
Tonic
Supertonic
Mediant
Subdominant
Dominant
Submediant
Leading Tone
Major Mode
A scale in which there is a major third between the tonic and the mediant
Minor Mode
A scale in which there must be a minor third between the tonic and mediant
Natural Minor
A minor scale with the 6th and 7th scale degrees lowered as well as the necessary 3rd
Harmonic Minor
A minor scale where the 6th scale degree is lowered (as well as the necessary 3rd) and the 7th scale degree is raised
Melodic Minor
A minor scale where the 6th and 7th scale degrees are lowered while ascending and raised while descending (as well as the necessary third being lowered)
Key
A set of pitch relationships that establish a note as the tonal center
Transposition
When one key is shifted into another key
Key Signature
A written way to signify the key at the beginning of a piece
Medieval Church Modal System
Four basic modes
Ionian Mode
Major scale
Aeolian Mode
Natural minor scale
Dorian Mode
Natural minor scale with a raised 6th scale degree
Phrygian Mode
Natural minor scale with a lowered 2nd scale degree
Lydian Mode
Major scale with a raised 4th scale degree
Mixolydian Mode
Major scale with a lowered 7th scale degree
Locrian Mode
Natural minor scale with lowered 2nd and 5th scale degrees
Chromatic Scale
A scale which contains all twelve pitches
Whole-Tone Scale
A scale which consists of only whole tones and only contains six pitches
Pentatonic Scale
A scale which consists of five pitches and no semitones
