Meteorology, History of Cartography, Europe Notes 1/4

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35 Terms

1
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Koppen-Geiger System

A climate classification system that categorizes climates into 5 main groups: A (Tropical), B (Dry), C (Temperate), D (Continental), and E (Polar).

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Cumulus Clouds

Low altitude clouds that are most common, with bases around 6,500 feet.

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Cumulonimbus Clouds

Massive clouds that can reach high elevations, associated with strong storms and weather extremes.

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Stratus Clouds

Low altitude clouds usually associated with warm fronts.

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Cirrus Clouds

High altitude clouds that appear feathery and wispy, generally found around 20,000 feet.

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Eratosthenes

Greek mathematician and geographer known for calculating the Earth's circumference using measurements between Alexandria and Syene.

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Longitude

Vertical bands on a globe that pass through both poles.

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Latitude

Horizontal bands on a globe used to determine location in relation to the equator.

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John Harrison

Inventor of the marine chronometer for calculating longitude by comparing local times.

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The Groma

Roman surveying instrument that improved geographic accuracy, used for establishing straight lines and angles.

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Ptolemy's Geography

A significant ancient text that provided instructions on map making and influenced explorers.

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Cartogram

A type of map that distorts shapes to convey a geographical message.

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Primate City

A city that dominates in economic, political, and social factors within a country.

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Mercantilism

An economic policy aimed at increasing national wealth by maximizing exports and minimizing imports.

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Alfred Weber

Developer of the Least Cost Theory, which predicts industrial locational decisions.

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Coriolis Effect

A force resulting from Earth's rotation that affects pressure system rotations.

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Irredentism

A policy of extending cultural and political control by a state over a neighboring community of its nationals.

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Fjord

A long, narrow inlet of the sea with steep sides, commonly found in Norway.

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Supranationalism

Collaborative relationships formed by three or more states for mutual benefit.

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T-O Map

Medieval map that reflects church power, depicting continents with East at the top.

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Cartography

The art and science of map making.

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Break-of-bulk

A transport location where goods are transferred from one carrier to another.

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Shatter Belt

An unstable area between regions with opposing political and cultural values.

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Core-Periphery Model

Concept describing the spatial dynamics between developed (core) and less developed (periphery) regions.

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Karst Topography

A landscape characterized by limestone features such as caverns and sinkholes.

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Polders

Areas in the Netherlands drained of sea water & now used for farmland.

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Primate city

A country's largest city (usually but not always the capital).

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Ancona Line

An invisible line dividing Northern and Southern Italy, extending from Rome to the Adriatic coast at Ancona; core is industrial (includes Milan, skilled labor), periphery is the stagnant south with intensive agriculture.

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Länder

The states in Germany.

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NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization; an alliance made to defend one another if they were attacked by any other country; includes the US, England, France, Canada, and Western European countries.

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Benelux

A political and economic union of Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg.

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Balkans

Region comprising the northern tip of the Adriatic Sea, northwest corner of the Black Sea (Odesa), and the southern tip of the Greek mainland, forming a triangle.

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Nation-State

A country whose population possesses a substantial degree of cultural homogeneity and union; a political unit.

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Agglomeration

Industry locates to take advantage of an established market, not necessarily near rich natural resources.

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Deglomeration

Industry locates away from established markets, near rich natural resources.