Pathology 1 of 3

These flashcards cover important terminology and concepts within the subject of pathology and related diseases.

Pathology

The study of diseases and their effects on the body.

Atherosclerosis

Patchy thickening of arterial walls causing loss of elasticity and potential thrombus formation.

Thrombus

A blood clot that forms in a blood vessel and remains there.

Emboli

A thrombus that has broken off and traveled through the bloodstream.

Ischemic Heart Disease

A condition resulting from reduced blood flow to the heart muscle, potentially leading to heart attacks.

Cerebral Vascular Disease

Conditions affecting the blood vessels and blood flow in the brain, often resulting in strokes.

FAST

An acronym used to recognize stroke symptoms: Face drooping, Arm weakness, Speech difficulties, Time to call emergency services.

Aneurysm

A dilation of an artery due to weakness in the vessel wall.

Dissecting Aneurysm

A type of aneurysm where the blood tears the layers of the artery wall.

Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia

Anemia characterized by smaller-than-normal red blood cells with less color, commonly due to iron deficiency.

Macrocytic Normochromic Anemia

Anemia with larger-than-normal red blood cells that have a normal color typically caused by vitamin B12 or folate deficiency.

Hirschsprung's Disease

A congenital condition where a portion of the colon is absent nerve cells, resulting in severe constipation.

Pulmonary Tuberculosis

A contagious infection that primarily affects the lungs, marked by the formation of lesions.

COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)

A group of lung diseases characterized by obstructed airflow, primarily caused by smoking.

Pneumothorax

The presence of air in the pleural space that can cause lung collapse.

Cystitis

Inflammation of the bladder, often causing pain and frequent urination.

Nephritis

Inflammation of the kidneys.

Diverticulitis

Inflammation or infection of diverticula in the digestive tract.

Hematuria

The presence of blood in the urine.

Varicose Veins

Enlarged veins that can result from increased pressure in the veins, commonly associated with pregnancy or obesity.

Malignant Hypertension

Severe high blood pressure that may result in organ damage, including vision impairment and kidney failure.

Pericarditis

Inflammation of the fibrous sac surrounding the heart, often leading to chest pain.

Hypertensive Heart Disease

A condition in which the heart is affected due to long-term high blood pressure, leading to conditions such as heart failure.

Berry Aneurysm

A small sac-like outpouching in cerebral arteries, often associated with genetic factors and hypertension.

Plummer-Vinson Syndrome

A condition associated with iron-def deficiency anemia, characterized by esophageal webs.

Portal Hypertension

Increased blood pressure in the portal venous system, often due to liver cirrhosis.

Eclampsia

A severe complication of pregnancy characterized by seizures, associated with pre-eclampsia.

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)

A blood test used to detect inflammation in the body.

Diabetes Mellitus

A metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period.