CA D2 (MCN; 09_23_2023)

Family Planning Methods

Various techniques and strategies used to control or prevent pregnancy.

Behavioral Methods

Family planning methods that involve changing behaviors to prevent pregnancy, such as abstinence and withdrawal.

Natural Methods

Family planning methods that rely on tracking fertility signs and menstrual cycles, such as the calendar method, cervical secretion method, and basal body temperature method.

Chemical Methods

Family planning methods that involve the use of spermicidal agents to kill or immobilize sperm.

Barrier Methods

Family planning methods that physically block sperm from reaching the egg, such as condoms, diaphragms, and cervical caps.

Hormonal Methods

Family planning methods that use hormones to prevent pregnancy, such as oral contraceptive pills and implants.

Surgical Methods

Family planning methods that involve surgical procedures to permanently or temporarily prevent pregnancy, such as tubal ligation and vasectomy.

Childbirth Preparation Methods

Different approaches and techniques used to prepare for childbirth, such as the Bradley method, Dick Read method, Lamaze method, and Leboyer method.

Danger Signs of Pregnancy

Indicators of potential complications during pregnancy that require immediate medical attention, such as abdominal or chest pain, bleeding, chills and fever, decrease in fetal movement, escape of amniotic fluid, fuzzy vision, and gestational hypertension.

Abortion

The termination of pregnancy before 20 weeks.

Types of Abortion

Different classifications of abortion based on the stage of pregnancy and the extent of the termination.

Postpartum Hemorrhage

Excessive bleeding following childbirth, which can occur after a normal spontaneous delivery (NSD) or cesarean section (CS).

Bleeding Tendency

The likelihood of experiencing bleeding during different trimesters of pregnancy, depending on factors such as abortion, ectopic pregnancy, hydatidiform mole, incompetent cervix, abruptio placenta, and placenta previa.

Lochia

The postpartum vaginal discharge that occurs after childbirth, which goes through different stages including rubra, serosa, and alba.

Uterine Atony

A condition where the uterus fails to contract properly after childbirth, leading to excessive bleeding.

Alpha-Fetoprotein

A blood test performed during pregnancy to assess the risk of genetic problems and birth defects in the baby.

Chorionic Villi Sampling

A prenatal test that involves taking a sample of cells from the placenta to check for chromosomal abnormalities.

Percutaneous Umbilical Blood Sampling

A prenatal test that involves taking a sample of blood from the umbilical cord to check for chromosomal abnormalities.

Amniocentesis

A prenatal test that involves taking a sample of amniotic fluid to detect genetic disorders, determine fetal sex, and assess fetal lung maturity.

Non-Stress Test

A prenatal test that assesses the fetal activity and well-being by monitoring the baby's heart rate in response to movement.

Biophysical Profile

A prenatal test that evaluates various aspects of fetal well-being, including breathing movements, amniotic fluid volume, fetal tone, fetal movement, and non-stress test results.

Contraction Stress Test

A prenatal test that assesses the baby's ability to withstand contractions during labor, typically done by administering oxytocin and monitoring the baby's heart rate response.

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

Bleeding all over the body caused by trauma, malignancy, infection, or OB calamities.

Ectopic Pregnancy

Pregnancy outside the uterus, commonly in the fallopian tube, with signs and symptoms such as missed periods, abdominal pain, and irregular vaginal bleeding.

Hydatidiform or Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (H

Formation of vesicles in the uterus, either complete molar or partial molar, with elevated HCG levels and grape-like vesicles on ultrasound.

Placental Anomaly

Abnormalities in the placenta, including placenta previa, abruptio placenta, and placenta bipartita/tripartita.

Placenta Previa

Low implantation of the placenta, with painless, bright red bleeding and a soft uterus. Types include low implantation, partial placental previa, and total placental previa.

Abruptio Placenta

Premature separation of the placenta, with signs and symptoms such as abdominal pain, dark red vaginal bleeding, and a firm uterus.

Amniotic Fluid Embolism

Maternal circulation of amniotic fluid into the pulmonary arterioles, with symptoms including dyspnea and chest pain.

Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH)

Hypertension, edema, and proteinuria during pregnancy, which can lead to eclampsia and HELLP syndrome.

Eclampsia Care

Management of eclampsia, including maintaining an open airway, positioning the patient on their side, providing oxygenation and suction, and monitoring for complications.

Placental Abnormal Attachment

Accreta, increta, and percreta, where the placenta attaches to different layers of the uterus, often requiring a hysterectomy.

Cord Prolapse

When the umbilical cord falls through the cervix, requiring the cord to be covered with sterile gauze and monitoring of fetal heart tones and cord pulsations.

Premature Rupture of Membranes

When the amniotic sac ruptures before labor begins, requiring monitoring of fetal heart rate, bed rest, and preparation for cesarean section if necessary.

Precipitate Labor

Labor that occurs within a short period of time, often leading to extensive lacerations, bleeding, and shock. Requires monitoring of vital signs and IV therapy.

TORCH Infections

Infections that can affect the fetus, including toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes.

Contraindicated Medications (TAWAS)

Teratogenic drugs that should be avoided during pregnancy, including thalidomide, ace inhibitors, warfarin, alcohol, and sulfonamide antibiotics.

Uterine Rupture

Rupture of the uterus, often caused by previous cesarean section, large baby, or improper use of oxytocin, leading to profuse bleeding and shock.

Spinal vs Epidural Anesthesia

Different types of anesthesia used during childbirth, with spinal anesthesia having a fast effect and being best for lower body surgeries, while epidural anesthesia is best for childbirth and can be given continuously or intermittently.

Epidural Anesthesia

Anesthesia introduced into the epidural space, blocking pain receptors, and requiring priority attention to the airway. Can cause hypotension and is contraindicated in patients with hypotension or infection.

Local Anesthesia

Anesthesia that directly blocks the pudendal nerve, often using lidocaine, with minimal side effects.

Preterm Labor

Labor that occurs between 20-

Drugs for Uterine Relaxation

Medications used to prevent preterm labor, including indomethacin, nifedipine, magnesium sulfate, and terbutaline.

Bladder distention

Indicates a displaced uterus and can lead to bleeding.

Uterine atony

A boggy uterus that may require fundal massage.

Lochia

Postpartum vaginal discharge categorized as rubra, serosa, or alba.

Mastitis

Infection and inflammation of breast tissues.

Episiotomy

Surgical incision made in the perineal area during childbirth.

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

Blood clot formation in the deep veins of the legs.

Taking in phase

Postpartum phase focused on self and not on the infant.

Taking hold phase

Postpartum phase focused on the infant's needs and self-care activities.

Letting go phase

Postpartum phase involving a readjustment to the new role as a mother.

Mrs

A patient who needs further teaching on breast-feeding.

Mrs

A patient with placenta previa, where certain measures should be postponed.

Menorrhagia

Heavy bleeding during the menstrual period.

Involution

The process of the uterus returning to its non-pregnant state.

PIH

Preeclampsia-induced hypertension, occurring after the 20th week of pregnancy.

Second degree lacerations

Episiotomy involving the forchette, vaginal mucosa, and perineal skin.

Non stress test

A test to assess fetal well-being during pregnancy.

Minimal change nephrotic syndrome

A condition characterized by edema.

Lochial discharge

Vaginal discharge after childbirth.

Oxytocin (Pitocin)

Medication used to contract the uterus.

Calendar method

Natural family planning method based on menstrual cycle calculations.

Diagonal conjugate

The measurement of the distance between the lower border of the symphysis pubis and the sacral promontory.

Symphysis pubis

The joint between the two pubic bones in the pelvis.

True conjugate

The measurement of the distance between the sacral promontory and the upper border of the symphysis pubis.

TPAL method

A method used to document a client's pregnancy history, including the number of pregnancies (Gravida), number of full-term pregnancies (Term), number of preterm pregnancies (Preterm), number of pregnancies ending in abortion (Abortion), and number of living children (Living Children).

Physiological jaundice

A normal condition in newborns where there is a yellowish discoloration of the skin due to the breakdown of red blood cells.

Endometritis

Inflammation of the lining of the uterus.

Late deceleration

A decrease in fetal heart rate that occurs after the peak of a contraction.

Gestational hypertension

High blood pressure that develops during pregnancy.

Purified protein derivative (PPD) tuberculin skin test

A test used to determine if a person has been exposed to tuberculosis.

Mittelschmerz

A condition characterized by pelvic pain during ovulation.

Näegele's rule

A method used to estimate the due date of a pregnancy by adding 7 days to the first day of the last menstrual period and counting back 3 months.

Fundal height

The measurement of the distance from the top of the uterus to the pubic bone.