Nature, Elements, Processes, and Types of Communication Notes

Vocabulary flashcards covering core communication concepts, language tones, speech contexts, speech acts, discourse types, and intercultural dynamics.

Communicare

Latin root of communication meaning to share or to make common.

Communis

Latin root of communication meaning common or shared.

Encoding

The step in the communication process of sending information from the source.

Decoding

The step in the communication process of analyzing and understanding a message.

Psychological Noise

A communication barrier caused by personal stereotypes and biases.

Physiological Noise

A communication barrier related to body or health conditions.

Semantic Noise

A communication barrier caused by unfamiliar words or specialized terminology.

Personal Language

Reflective and subjective language used to express one's own thoughts, feelings, and experiences, often using first-person pronouns.

Interpersonal Language

Language used for social interaction and communication with others to build relationships or complete tasks.

Formal Tone

A serious, respectful, and polite style of language used in professional settings or official correspondence.

Informal Tone

A relaxed language style used in casual conversations with friends or family.

Concreteness

One of the 7 C's of communication characterized by being precise and using active voice or direct guidance.

Chronemics

The non-verbal study and use of time in communication.

Haptics

Non-verbal communication through tactile contact or touch.

Kinesics

Non-verbal communication involving body language, gestures, and eye contact.

Proxemics

Non-verbal communication involving physical distance and space.

Paralanguage

Non-verbal vocal cues such as voice qualities, pitch, modulation, and manner of speaking.

Intrapersonal Communication

Individual communication that occurs within oneself.

Dyadic Communication

Interpersonal communication occurring specifically between two people.

Frozen Style

A static, formal, formulaic, and highly structured speech style.

Locutionary Act

The actual utterance or what is directly said in a speech act.

Illocutionary Act

The intention behind an utterance in a speech act.

Perlocutionary Act

The resulting action, effect, or response caused by an utterance.

Nomination

A communicative strategy that involves the ability to begin or introduce a topic.

Turn-taking

A communicative strategy that uses verbal or non-verbal cues to establish who speaks next.

Discourse

A unit of language longer than a single sentence or text, derived from Latin dis- and currere (to run away), focused on social interaction.

Anaphora

A cohesive repetition device where words are repeated at the beginning of successive clauses.

Epistrophe

A cohesive repetition device where words are repeated at the end of successive clauses.

Epizeuxis

The repetition of a word or phrase in immediate succession for emphasis.

Ethnocentrism

The belief that one's own culture is superior to other cultures.

Xenocentrism

The belief that other cultures are superior and one's own culture is inferior.

Enculturation

The process of learning and internalizing one's own culture.

Acculturation

The process of balancing one's original culture while adapting to a different culture.

Deculturation

The process of losing one's cultural identity.

Explicit Claim

A statement or assertion that is directly and clearly stated in a text.

Implicit Claim

An indirect statement or assertion that must be inferred from clues in the text.

Claim of Fact

An assertion regarding past, present, or future states based on evidence and reports.

Claim of Policy

An assertion arguing that a specific course of action should or must be taken.

Claim of Value

An assertion centered on judgments, morality, ethics, or emotional stance.