Early American History Flashcards

Flashcards based on lecture notes about Early American History (1491-1754)

Pueblo Tribe

A tribe in the Southwest known for their dry climate, corn cultivation, sandstone houses, irrigation, and corn mother.

Sioux Tribe

A tribe in the Midwest that were nomadic and moved migrationally to hunt bison and harvest salmon.

Chinook Tribe

A tribe in the Northwest known for their lush forests, moderate climate, totem poles, and plank houses.

Iroquois Tribe

A tribe in the Northeast known for their mix of agriculture and hunting and gathering, and wood houses.

Clovis Tribe

The first people to cross over into America via the Bering Strait land bridge (ice bridge connecting present-day Russia and Alaska) in waves from 15,000 - 40,000 years ago.

The Three Sisters

Corn, Beans, and Squash.

Cahokia

The largest city in America at that time with 30,000 residents, present-day Ohio.

Christopher Columbus

The first colonizer to enter the Americas in 1492 (excluding Leif Erikson).

Columbian Exchange

Exchange of plants, animals, foods, and diseases (smallpox) between Europe and the Americas.

Spanish Motives for Colonization

Gold, God, and Glory.

Conquistadors

People who collected and exported American resources as much as they could; mercantilistic harvesters.

Encomienda System

The Spanish Crown granted Spanish colonists the order to protect the natives and convert them to Christianity. The natives ‘owed’ them their labor in return.

Hierarchical Race System (Spanish Colonies)

Europeans, Mestizo (European and Native blood), Zambos (African and Native blood), Africans.

Spanish Mission System

Conversion of natives to Catholicism.

Bartolomé de Las Casas

Argued for the support of peaceful relations and native rights.

Juan de Sepulveda

Argued that natives were ‘natural slaves’, social Darwinism.

Joint-Stock Company

A company with investors who get a stake in the resources that explorers may find.

The Lost Colony

The English colony that was discovered in 1565 and disappeared in 1590

Puritanism

A movement to purify the Anglican church of Roman Catholic practices.

Congregationalists

Puritans who believed they needed to purify the Anglican church from within.

Mayflower Compact

A basic legal system for the Plymouth colony made by William Bradford that asserted that the government's power is from the consent of the governed and not from God.

Rhode Island Colony

Colony created by Roger Williams where the state and church were separate.

Antinomianism

The belief that just observing faith and believing in God is enough.

Powhatan Wars (1610 - 1677)

Territorial disputes between Powhatan Confederacy and Virginia colonists.

The Pequot War (1636 - 1638)

MA colonists wanted land inhabited by Pequot natives in the Connecticut valley, nearly wiping out the Pequot population after retaliation.

The Beaver Wars (1628 - 1701)

Beaver population declined due to over-harvesting by both the Algonquian tribes (allied with the French) and the Iroquois Confederacy (allied with the English); led to very bloody battles.

Decline of Huron Confederacy (1634 - 1649)

Population went from 40,000 to 12,000 because of smallpox and trade disputes.

King Phillips War (Metacoms War) (1675 - 1678)

Metacom (leader of the Wampanoag Tribe) disliked Colonist’s encroachment and religious conversion practices, leading to war and the decimation of his and other tribe’s population nearby after his death.

The Pueblo Revolt (1680)

Pueblo people of New Mexico drove out Spaniard Juan De Onate after lack of respect for the natives.

The Chickasaw Wars (1721 - 1763)

The Chickasaw tribe (allied with the British) fought the Choctaw (allied with French) for control of land around the Mississippi River. Stopped after the Treaty of Paris.

Decline of the Catawba Nation (1700s)

Native Catawba population was decimated by smallpox.

Middle/Drake Passage

The boat ride from Africa to the colonies or the Caribbean; very dangerous, many were killed from horrid conditions.

Stono Rebellion 1739, SC

Slaves stole weapons from a shop and killed the owners, then marched to the streets and burned and killed white men. Led to stricter regulations on slaves.

Salem Witch Trials of 1692

Religious fervor and class tension led to people believing there were real witches, leading to 130 women being executed or jailed for witchcraft in 1692.

Dominion of New England

An attempt to stop illegal trade by the British.

Suffrage Extension of 1691

Extended suffrage to all Protestants, not just Puritans.

Halfway Covenant

In order to baptize your child, you must have seen God’s grace, but the rule was changed to that you may be baptized so long as your parents were. The rule did not change for voting.

First Great Awakening

Religious revivalism between the 1730’s and 1740’s in America and Europe.

Jonathan Edwards

Congregationalist preacher who made the 'Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God' speech.

George Whitfield

Methodist Preacher.

Age of Salutary Neglect (1650-1750)

When the British treated the colonies with neglect as long as they were profiting; colonists felt as though they were running their own country despite being a part of the British Kingdom.

Navigation Acts (1651 - 1673)

Required colonists to buy only from Europe and sell only to Europe and import non-Europe products through an English channel.

The Molasses Act of 1733

A tax on sugar from the French West Indies by the British -- colonists often refused to pay this.

Connecticut (CT)

Received its charter in 1635, which led to the first written constitution in British North America -- the Fundamental Orders.

Maryland

Passed the Act of Toleration in 1649 which protected religious freedoms to most Christians; disputes between Catholics and Protestants.

Proprietorship

Owned by one person.

Continental Association

Created policy and est political power in colonies by colonists.

Bacon’s Rebellion 1676

Class conflict in VA (Nathaniel Bacon against Governor William Berkeley).

Coode’s Rebellion 1680s

Protestants overthrow Catholic leaders in Maryland.

First Great Awakening

Led to increased religious practice-- a Salvation.

Neo-European

English colony that tested different types of economies or governing that is different from mainland Europe.

Plantation colonies

New World colony made just for making money, with cash crops a small middle class and slave labor .

Slave Societies

The economy and society is engineered for slave labor and has substantial slave population (⅓ or more).

Societies with Slaves

Has a smaller percentage of African slaves (2-10%) that lived among settlers and not much cash crop agriculture (farmhand labor, ships, household servant, carriage drivers) and rarely got paid.

Bacon's Rebellion

Nathaniel Bacon led class warfare battle against William Berkeley.

second Continental congress

Was involved in issues during Lexington and Concord, First Battle of Revolutionary War.

Popular Sovereignty

The belief that a majority vote wins (people who vote make the decision of who will rule).

New Men

People born into poverty who raised themselves into a higher position.

Republican Motherhood

A post-revolutionary idea that women should have education for women to that they could teach the children about republican ideals.

Sullivan Expedition in NY

Destroys 40 towns/villages destroyed, and 160k bushels of corn by the order of George Washington.

Treaty of Greenville (1795)

States that America gets present-day Ohio.

3 Branches of Gov

There are 2 houses, senate and house of representatives, they elect in electoral collage of people. The judges define roles and regulations for states

3/5 Compromise

Slaves were counted in the consensus, however, they only count as 3/5th of a person.

Fed Number 10

Says that if there is a big enough government and republic then the majority will rule but small territories will also still be respected and believe that factions are good.

XYZ Affair

French officials request a bribe to negotiate with the US and creates more tension with the foreign power.

Quasi War

A small almost war with France to create tension between territories.

Naturalization Act

Increased how long you had to be in America until you could get citizenship to 14 years.

Alien Friends Act

The president can deport anyone that he wants who the US is at war with.

Sedition Act

If you say something negative about the government you can be arrested.

Nullification Theory

States can get rid of a federal law they don't like.

Jefferson Democratic Republican Party

Stated that are mainly agricultural and liked.

Agrarian Democracy

Farmers and landowners.

Louisana Purchase

1803-- US negotiators offer 10 million and the French counter offers 15 million. Jefferson did not have constitutional authority.

Barbary Pirates

Muslim tradesmen that attempted to control trade across Africa.

1st Term: Domestic Aff

Jefferson repeials act, pardons anyone, midnighf judges, marbury v madison, jefferson won 72.e. perent od election.

Midnigh Judges

You have to get delivered commission of state to take office of judge

The Burr conspirac

Hamilton sends news hating on new york guy

Orders in Council

Orders by brits that stops abilities to trade, it becomes a major cause of war of 1812

Embargo Trade

Made an act to responds by saying to stop trading with other territories

willium henry harrisio n

He would tell them to go or be killed, or get turned to a farmer

Madison

Born in VA in 1751

war of 1812 cause

War with britain and the war hawks that wante their territory, war to be bad, eng and french ended.

Causes with Britain

Britna gave to the Nativea

Treat of Ghent (1814)

To make or declare somethinh

New Orleans, 1815

Andrew Jackson with america deteas the British.

Era od Good Fil

Election between who james and the NY rufurs, who he wins in a landslide

Economic Natlismngg

Land and price high, and sell more because of higher prices

MO comp

Land for missouri was slaved or freed

MO comp

It that is that land by 30-36, and you find new land from somewhere else

Panic of 1824

Election in 1824 that was a four race

Mark rev

No longer needed land beacuse there split amount people

makr rev

The two options for more, go wet or go to the city (in 1810-40

Caneidge yK200

They are trying to connect more with god beause they are mor elonley

Intense reformer

To create busienes and make money with channels

2d great awanking

Social and Injuctis is going o be an issue/result

Road to the Civil War

Slavery being band and a bad things happening

cotton ginnin

Makes cotton farming or farming

Slaveries

More alvandableble of slaves

Comprmoise

MO is slaved, than manie is frees.

novel being created

Novel being created making slaves bad so u hate being or making