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Columbian trade network
first global trade route
what were european' kings driven by?
competition/rivalries
why did the great dying happen?
because native americans didn’t have the immune systems to combat all the illnesses/diseases
how much of the population died off in the great dying?
80-90%
mercantilism
the belief that there was a fixed amount of wealth in the world, and you had to get as much of it as you could
what were the effects of mercantism?
less imports and more exports
encomienda
spanish labor system that promised the natives food, shelter, and Christianity in exchange for labor
who helped abolish the encomienda?
Bartolome de las Casas (Dominican friar)
what was the black legend?
blamed the spanish for using christianity to cover up killing the natives
who were mestizo’s?
people of mixed descent (half white half native)
what determined how high you were on the social pyramid in Spanish latin america?
how much european blood you had in you—the more the higher up you were
indentured servatude
poor europeans would sign contracts to work for someone for 7 years to pay their taxes/pay off debts
chattel slavery
people who are considered to be property of the slave owner
why was there a population growth in europe after the discovery of the americas?
because the european traders brought back high caloric foods such as potato’s and cassava
middle passage
journey slaves had to take between africa and the americas
where did most slaves go?
brazil and the Caribbean → only small percent actually went to north america
why was there a lot of racial mixing in south america?
because the conquistadors married the native population
why was there not a lot of racial mixing in north america?
because Britain sent over family units instead of single men (like spain)
examples of syncretic religions in new world
voodoo
Day of the dead
joint stock companies
owned by investors that would buy stocks
corporations
East india company
commercial revelation
middle class gained wealth → was able to buy luxury goods
major link in silver trade
Philippines
why did spain lose all their money?
because they spent it all on luxury goods
where id most of the worlds silver/gold end up?
china
what made spain weaken and lose power?
Since they had so much sliver and gold, when the price of that went down, they lost most of their wealth
East india companies
private trading companies that used merchant investors to raise money
One drop rule
if you had “black” skin, you were “african”, even if you were of mixed race
Inherited status
could be born a slave
cowrie shell
african currency
african slave trade led to what?
social destruction/population loss
African slave traders would sell people they…
captured during war
did africans ever sell their own people?
no
as time went on, what did more and more people start doing?
using science/reason to explain the universe
empiricism
collection of data → scientific method
King philips war (1675-1678)
last war between natives and british
bacon’s rebellion (1676-1677)
indentured servants and africans rebelling against colonial authority
Pueblos revolt (1680)
pueblo and apache natives rebelled against spain over conversion
Maroon wars (1700s)
slaves in Caribbean revolting to gain freedom
maroons
descendants of runaway slaves
Palmares
runaways from the Portuguese
What were the negative consequences of the abolishing of the encomienda system?
Spain turned to the African population to fill their labor void
Note 
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