unit 7 ap world history vocab

bolsheviks

an organization representing the revolutionary working class of russia under the leadership of vladimir lenin, seized power and set up a communist government with lenin at its head

alliance system

the major system involved the "Triple Alliance" consisting of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy, facing off against the "Triple Entente" made up of Great Britain, France, and Russia

self-determination

powers deserving the right to decide their own political futures

stalemate

a period in the Great War where neither the Allies nor the Central Powers could gain a decisive advantage over the other on the Western Front

total war

a strategy where a nation mobilizes all its resources, including its entire population and industry, to achieve complete victory against the enemy, often blurring the lines between civilian and military life, and utilizing any means necessary, even if considered morally questionable, to achieve that goal

reparations

the payments and compensations that defeated Germany was forced to make to the victorious Allied powers, as outlined in the Treaty of Versailles, to cover the costs of war damages sustained by the Allies during the conflict

treaty of versailles

a peace agreement signed in 1919 that ended World War

trench warfare

a military tactic where opposing armies fight from trenches dug into the ground

league of nations

an organization in which all nations of the world would convene to discuss conflicts openly, as a way to avoid the simmering tensions that had caused world war 1

great depression

a severe economic downturn that lasted from 1929 to 1939

five-year plan

the transformation of the ussr into an industrial power and “catch up” to the industrial nations of the west

new deal

a group of policies and programs to bring the country (usa) relief, recovery, and reform: relief for citizens who were suffering, including the poor, the unemployed, farmers, minorities, and women; recovery to bring the nation out of the Depression, in part through government spending; and reform to change government policies in hopes of avoiding such disasters in the future

facism

a political system that appealed to extreme nationalism, glorified the military and armed struggle, and blamed problems on ethnic minorities. were strongly anti-communist.

joseph stalin

several years after lenin’s death, this man took control of the Politburo, the communist party’s central organization, setting himself up as a dictator and remained in power for almost 30 years

totalitarian state

a state in which the government controls all aspects of society

indian national congress

formed to air grievances against the colonial government and voice for independence

mandate system

a system to rule the colonies and territories of the central powers despite promised self rule to the people of those countries if fought with the allies

civil disobedience

the encouragement of citizens to break unjust laws and serve jail time as a form of protest against oppressive regimes

mohandas gandhi

brought the congress’ cause to the indian masses and caught the attention of the world, pioneering the satyagraha movement.

winston churchil

led britain to victory in ww1 as its prime minister

mao zedong

the son of a prosperous peasant who was inspired by the communist revolution in russia and led the chinese communist party

zionists

those who supported a european jewish homeland

armenian genocide

the systematic destruction of the Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I

blitzkrieg

German military tactic that involves using surprise, speed, and overwhelming force to defeat an enemy

munich agreement

an agreement signed in 1938 that allowed Nazi Germany to take control of part of Czechoslovakia

appeasement

a diplomatic policy where countries like Britain and France made concessions to Nazi Germany, giving them territory or fulfilling demands, in the hope of avoiding conflict and maintaining peace, even if it meant allowing Germany to expand its power