Chemistry 1.1--1.6 & 2.3--2.4

Fire

What did the first humans use to do chemistry?

Drugs

What did humans make by isolating compounds?

Isolating compounds

How did humans make drugs?

Copper & Tin

What is bronze

Greeks

Who were the first to think about chem?

Nickname for chemistry

The central science

Chemistry

Study of the composition, properties, and interactions of matter

Laws

summarize a vast # of experimental observations, and describe pr predict some facet of the natural world

Theories

Well-substantiated, comprehensive, testable explanations of particular aspects of nature

Macroscopic, microscopic, symbolic

What are the 3 domains of chem?

Macroscopic

Things we can study w the naked eye

Microscopic

Things we study that are so small that we need equipment to help us see them

Symbolic

The domain where all the symbols, equations, formulas, and language of chem are housed

Matter

Anything that occupies space & has mass

Solid

State of matter that is rigid & possesses a definite shape

Liquid

State of matter that takes the shape of the container and has a flat surface when acted upon by gravity

Gas

State of matter that takes both the shape and volume of the container

Mass

A measure of the amount of matter in an object

Mass (2)

What property of an object will get bigger when the force it needs to accelerate it also gets bigger?

Weight

The force gravity exerts on an object

Weight (2)

What force is directly proportional to mass?

The Law of Conservation of Matter

There is no detectable change in the total quantity of matter when matter converts from one type to another changes into a solid, liquid, or gas

Pure substance

A substance that has constant composition

Element (pure substance)

A pure substance that cannot be broken into a simpler substance by chemical changes

Compound (pure substance)

A pure substance that can be broken into simpler elements or compounds by chemical changes.

Free element

What is an element called when it’s just by itself and not with other types of elements?

Mixture

A substance of two or more types of matter that can be separated by physical changes

Heterogeneous mixure

A mixture where its composition varies from point to point

Homogeneous mixture (or “solution”)

A mixture where its composition is uniform

11

How many elements make up 99% of earth’s crust & atmosphere?

Earth’s crust & atmosphere

11 elements make up majority of what?

25%

What percentage of the 11 elements that make up majority of Earth’s crust & atmosphere are found in a free state?

49.20%

What percentage of of the Earth’s crust & atmosphere is made up of oxygen?

25.67%

What percentage of of the Earth’s crust & atmosphere is made up of silicon?

7.50%

What percentage of of the Earth’s crust & atmosphere is made up of aluminum?

4.71%

What percentage of of the Earth’s crust & atmosphere is made up of iron?

3.39%

What percentage of of the Earth’s crust & atmosphere is made up of calcium?

2.63%

What percentage of of the Earth’s crust & atmosphere is made up of sodium?

2.40%

What percentage of of the Earth’s crust & atmosphere is made up of potassium?

1.93%

What percentage of of the Earth’s crust & atmosphere is made up of magnesium?

0.87%

What percentage of of the Earth’s crust & atmosphere is made up of hydrogen?

0.58%

What percentage of of the Earth’s crust & atmosphere is made up of titanium?

0.19%

What percentage of of the Earth’s crust & atmosphere is made up of chlorine?

0.11%

What percentage of of the Earth’s crust & atmosphere is made up of phosphorus?

0.09%

What percentage of of the Earth’s crust & atmosphere is made up of manganese?

0.08%

What percentage of of the Earth’s crust & atmosphere is made up of carbon?

0.06%

What percentage of of the Earth’s crust & atmosphere is made up of sulfur?

0.04%

What percentage of of the Earth’s crust & atmosphere is made up of barium?

0.03%

What percentage of of the Earth’s crust & atmosphere is made up of nitrogen?

0.03%

What percentage of of the Earth’s crust & atmosphere is made up of florine?

0.06%

What percentage of of the Earth’s crust & atmosphere is made up of strontium?

0.47%

What percentage of of the Earth’s crust & atmosphere is made up of all other elements that aren’t in the top 19?

Atom (def)

Smallest part particle of an element that has the properties of the element & can enter into a chemical combination

Molecule (def)

Two or more atoms joined by chemical bonds

Property (def)

Characteristics that distinguish one substance from another

Physical property (def)

Characteristic of matter that’s not associated w a change in chemical composition

Chemical property (def)

Characteristic of matter that is the ability to change from one type of matter to another

Extensive property (def)

Property that depends on the amount of matter present

Intensive property (def)

Property that does not depend on amount of matter present

Blue

In a hazard diamond, want color is the health diamond?

Red

In a hazard diamond, want color is the fire diamond?

Yellow

In a hazard diamond, want color is the reactivity diamond?

How explosive something is

What does the reactivity diamond in the hazard diamond rate?

Heath

What is the blue diamond in the hazard diamond?

Fire

What is the red diamond in the hazard diamond?

Reactivity

What is the yellow diamond in the hazard diamond?

Specific hazards

What is the white diamond in the hazard diamond?

White

What color is the specific health hazards diamond in the hazard diamond?

Oxidizer

In the hazard diamond, what does OX stand for?

Acidic

In the hazard diamond, what does ACID stand for?

Alkiline

In the hazard diamond, what does ALK stand for?

Corrosive

In the hazard diamond, what does COR stand for?

Use no water

In the hazard diamond, what does a W with a slash-out stand for?

Radioactive

In the hazard diamond, what does the three triangles stand for?

OX

In the hazard diamond, what symbol stands for oxidizer?

ACID

In the hazard diamond, what symbol stands for acidic?

ALK

In the hazard diamond, what symbol stands for alkaline?

COR

In the hazard diamond, what symbol stands for corrosive?

W with a slash-out

In the hazard diamond, what symbol stands for “use no water”?

Three triangles

In the hazard diamond, what symbol stands for radioactive?

Conductivity

What is the property that sorts the periodic table into 3 classes?

Metals (peri table)

Elements that are good conductors

Metalloids (peri table)

Elements that are okay conductors

Nonmetals (peri table)

Elements that are bad conductors

Magnitude, standard of comparison, & implicit indication of uncertainty

What are the 3 things a measurement provides?

Unit

A standard of comparison

894,000 (ex)

Decimal form

8.94 × 10^5 (ex)

Scientific notation

7

How many SI units are there?

Fundamental units, base units

What other names can SI units be called?

Si units, base units

What other names can fundamental units be called?

Fundamental units, SI units

What other names can base units be called?

Length, mass, time, temp, electric current, amount of substance, luminous intensity

What are the 7 SI units?

Meter (m)

What is the unit for length?

Kilogram (kg)

What is the unit for mass?

Second (s)

What is the unit for time?

Kelvin (K)

What is the unit for temp?

Ampere (A) is the unit for what?

What is the unit for electric current?

Mole (mol) is the unit for what?

What is the unit for amount of substance?

Candela (cd) is the unit for what?

What is the unit for luminous intensity?