anisci lec 2 exam

2 main products of poultry industry:

meat and eggs

what are the main poultry species

chicken, turkey, ducks, and geese

broiler slaughter age:

31-60 days (avg 42)

broiler slaughter weight

3.8-9lbs (avg 5)

feed:gain of broilers

1.5-1.7

what country is the largest poultry meat producer?

USA

What region are broilers concentrated in?

southeast

how many turkeys in the US poultry industry?

245 million

how are turkeys distributed throughout the USA?

east coast and corn belt

hen age at first egg:

20-22 weeks

how many eggs can a hen produce per year?

270

how many USA laying hens are there?

391 million

where are most layers located?

corn belt

(know white leghorn, cornish, and white plymouth rock)

n/a

chicken and turkey incubation lengths:

chickens: 21 days
turkeys: 28 days

what temp is an incubator at?

100 degrees

how old are chicks when they enter a grow out facility?

1 day old

(broiler timeline)

breeders - hatchery - grow out - processing plant

(layer timeline)

breeders - hatchery - grow out - laying - egg processing

amount of layers per cage system:

3-9

amount of layers per colony cage:

50-150

What is avian influenza?

respiratory pathogen

what is Exotic Newcastle disease?

fatal viral disease, one of the most highly infectious diseases

what is an in ovo vaccination?

vaccination through shell of egg

what is the most common layer in the united states?

white leghorn

chicken terms:

Genus - Gallus
Chick - young baby
Pullet - young female
Cockerel - young male
Hen - adult female
Rooster - intact male
Capon - castrated male

turkey terms:

Genus - Meleagris
Poult - young baby
Jenny - young female
Jake - young male
Hen - adult female
Tom - intact male
Capon - castrated male

how many lbs of pork produced yearly?

42 billion

where are most pigs located?

iowa

swine terms:

Genus: Sus
Piglet - young baby pig
Gilt - young female pig
Sow - mature female pig
Boar - intact male
Barrow - castrated male pig
Farrowing - act of birthing
Pork - meat from pigs

what is most recorded swine breed in US?

yorkshire

what are the maternal swine breeds?

yorkshire and landrace

what are the terminal swine breeds:

hampshire, berkshire, duroc

how many swine litters per week?

over 200

what kind of integration does the swine industry have?

vertical integration

what is the final weight of pigs?

250-300lbs

what are the thermoneutral zones of different swine weights?

40-75 lbs 70-85 ° F
75-150 lbs 60-83 ° F
150-250 lbs 45-80 ° F

how old are pigs at weaning?

21 days old

average swine litter size:

14

what is the most costly disease in the swine industry?

PRRSV

5 main components of horse industry:

racing
recreation
work
showing
wild

what is the cutoff of ponies vs horses?

14.2 hh

how big is a hand?

4 inches

horse color classifications:

Black - no brown hairs around muzzle or flank
Bay - brown (many shades) coat with black points
Chestnut - brown/red, mane and tail same color as body
No black points• Sorrel - light red, similar/lighter mane and tail
Gray - White and any other color, white hair with age

What is the primary function of the epididymis?

sperm storage and maturation

what is a trait that is controlled by a single gene?

a monogenic trait

sperm primary vs secondary abnormality:

head vs tail

functions of scrotum:

protect, support testes, thermoregulation

4 ways genetic change can occur in animal populations:

Mutation
Migration
Drift
Selection