Biology test

Describe the role of lipids in the body.

Lipids provide longer term energy, processed after carb stores have been used.

Describe the role of lipids in the body.

Focus on waxes, steroids, and cholesterol.

Waxes- solid at room temp

Steroids-reduce inflammation

Cholesterol-controls fluidity of cell membrane

What atoms have high electronegativity

O,N,CL

What atoms have low electronegativity

H,C,P

Do non polar and non polar molecules attract

Yes

What is a triglyceride composed of?

1 Glycerol molecule 3 fatty acid molecules

State the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.

Saturated- no double bonds solid

Unsaturated- 1 or more double bonds liquid

which type of fat is typically healthier in the diet?

Unsaturated=Healthy

State the difference between inter-and intra- molecular bonds.

Inter=between

Intra=Within

Give an example of a polar and non-polar molecule - draw the structural formula

Draw a hydrogen bond between two water molecules

What does a hydroxyl group look like

What do carboxyl groups look like

What does an amino group look like

What does a phosphate group look like

• Identify at least 3 structural and functional characteristics of carbohydrates.

Contains C/H/O

Most are polar

Sugar and starch store easily accessible energy for body

• Why are glucose, fructose, and galactose isomers?

Share the same formula

Glucose alpha drawing

Glucose beta drawing

Galactose drawing

Fructose

What creates disaccharides

Condensation reaction

Name 3 types of disaccharides

Sucrose (glucose and fructose)

Lactose (glucose and galactose)

Maltose (glucose and glucose)

Disaccharide drawing

Differences and similarities between starch glycogen and cellulose

All- polysaccharides

starch and glycogen- can be broken down, provides energy, glucose stored in the form of this

3 functions of proteins in the body

Catalysis chemical reactions (enzymes)

Provide structural support

Transporting substances in the body

What are proteins composed of

Amino acids

What’s are the __(#) levels of organization

Primary structure

Secondary structure

Tertiary structure

Quaternary structure

What are nucleotides composed of

A phosphate group, 5 carbon sugars, and a nitrogen containing base

Difference between DNA and RNA

What are the bases of DNA and RNA

DNA- adenine thymine , guanine, cytosine

RNA- adenine, uracil, guanine , cytosine

What is a phosphodiester bond

Between the phosphate group on C5 of one molecule and the hydroxyle group on C3 on the sugar of the other nucleotide.

Which element. Is NOT one of the main six that form life (carbon, hydrogen magnesium, nitrogen)

magnesium

Organic molecules are (carbon based, oxygen based, nonpolar, made of only one element)

Carbon based

Intermolecular forces are the forces WITHIN molecules (true or false)

False

Which element has LOW electronegativity (O,H,N,CL)

H

Intermolecular forces are stronger than intermolecular(True or false)

True

The 3-d shape of DNA is held together by what type of bonds (covalent, ionic, hydrophobic, hydrogen)

Hydrogen bonds

When non polar and polar molecules mix the non polar molecules stay away from each other (True or false)

False

Hydrophilic means water loving (true or false)

True

(Amino, phosphate, carboxyl, carbonyl)

Phosphate

What type of functional group is on the end of a fatty acid chain (Phosphate, Carboxyl, Amino, Hydroxyl)

Carboxyl

Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds between carbon atoms(true, False)

True

Phospholipids are composed of (2 glycerol molecules and a phosphate group, A glucerol two fatty acids and a phosphate group, A hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails, A hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails +A glucerol two fatty acids

A hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails +A glucerol two fatty acids

Triglycerides and composed of (A phosphate group and 3 fatty acids, 1 glycerol molecule 3 fatty acids, 1 glycerol molecule and 2 fatty acuds, phosphate group and 3 fatty acids)

1 glycerol molecule 3 fatty acids

Tryglycerides with saturated fatty acids are in what physical state at room temp (solid, liquid, gas , none)

solid

The bond holding amino acids together is called a (Hydrogen bond, Ester bond, Peptide bind, Glycosidic linkage)

Peptide bind

How many levels of organization are there (1,2,4,6)

4

Proteins do the following except (Catalyze chemical reactions, Contain genetic information, Enabling organisms to move, Protect the body fron disease)

Protect the body fron disease

The ___ of proteins are called amino acids the ___ is called a polypeptide (Monomer:polymer, polymer:monomer, Monosaccharide; chain, chain:folding)

Monomer:polymer

Two amino acids are joined together by (Their amino groups, The amino group if one and the carbixyl group of another, Their side chains, their Carboxyl groups)

The amino group if one and the carbixyl group of another

_{(amino hydroxyl, carboxyl,)}

carboxyl

(hydroxyl. amino, carboxyl, phosphate,)

Carboxyl

(Hydroxyl, amino, phosphate, carboxyl)

Hydroxyl

(hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino, phosphate)

Hydroxyl