ENGLISH: 2ND QUARTERLY EXAMINATION

Hyphen

( - )

Uses the same symbol as the en dash, but slightly differs as regardeds to its usage.

•Employed between the parts of a compound word or name. | A)

face-to-face | Mrs. Daya-Salvosa

•Employed between the syllables of a word, particularly when the word is divided at the end of a line of text. | B)

ho-no-ring | re-la-tion-ship

Quotation Marks

( “ “ )

Usually comes in pairs that is utilized to denote that a certain passage is taken from and said by another person. It is placed at the beginning and at the end of a quoted information.

•Quotation marks indicate the beginning and end of a passage which is credited to another person and repeated word for word | A)

“I know how much you love her” she said

The people said, "We like your proposal on environmental preservation.”

•Quotation marks show that something is a title. | B)

“Hacksaw Ridge” is based on a true to life story.”

•When there are quotes within quotes, then single quotations are used. | C)

The teacher inquired, "How many of you have read

the story, ‘The Pardoner's Tale’ in your textbook?”

Apostrophe

( ‘ )

Used to stand for the letter or letters omitted from a word. It is also used to mean possession or the plurals of letters in the lower case.

•An apostrophe is used to indicate the omission of a letter or letters from a word. | A)

They are = They’re

I will = I’ll

•An apostrophe is used to indicate the possessive case. | B)

Roseann’s eyes

Jove's nectar

Parentheses

( ( ) )

Are employed to give further explanations, ideas, Or remarks. They can be utilized in place of commas and the meaning of the sentence will still be the same, Round bracket is another term for parentheses.

•Parentheses are used to present further thoughts, ideas, Or remarks. | A)

Bella and Bea (who are sisters) are interested on playing the piano.

Bella and Bea, who are sisters, are interested on playing the piano

•Parentheses are used to enclose a comment by the person writing. | B)

The old man badly suffered from the accident. He should have been very cautious when driving (not that I was partly blaming him for what happened).

Braces

( { } )

Used when the writer presents a list of equal choices, a number set or musical chords. They are also known as curly brackets. | A)

•Braces are used to present a list of equal choices:

Choose a color motif {fuchsia, gold, scarlet, mauve} for your debut.

•Braces are employed to present a number set:

{1, 3,5, 7 9} {5, 10, 15, 20, 25}

•Braces are used to present musical chords:

{C maj,D maj, G maj}

Brackets

( [ ] )

Are indicated by the squared off notations that are used to give some technical explanations or descriptions and to add information quotation that is not found in the original quotation. The use of to a this punctuation mark allows the writer to interpolate explanation or clarification within the quotation.

•Brackets are used to give some technical explanation. | A)

Communication is derived from the word communicare [to share].

•Brackets are used to add information that is not found in the original quotation. | B)

She [the secretary of the President] warmly accommodated the guest speaker.

They finally decided to spend their summer vacation in the Philippines [Boracay Island]

Ellipsis

( … )

Indicated by the use of three periods with space in between each period as in ( … ) it is also used to indicate an omission of letters or words. It is used within quotations to move from one phrase to another by deleting words that are not important and that do not affect the meaning. This is also employed to avoid copying long text that is not necessary.

•Used to build tension when a character or the narrator is leaving something unsaid, unfinished or unstarted. | A)

I love you, but…

Clipping

The process in which a word is shortened without affecting the meaning of the word

Examples:

Examination = Exam | Laboratory = Lab

Blending

The process of combining two or more words to form a new word in which the meaning is often a combination of the original words.

Examples:

Smoke + Fog = Smog

Net + Etiquette = Netiquette

Compounding

The process of combining two or more lexemes into a new word. It may be written as one word or as two words joined with a hyphen.

Examples:

Sea + Shore = Seashore

Rain + Bow = Rainbow

Acronyms

Words formed by using the beginning letters of the words which is called initialism. The initials created is pronounced as a word.

Examples:

DENR - Department of Environment and Natural Resources

ASAP - as soon as possible

Converting

The process of using one word in another grammatical form without changing the spelling or pronounciation For instance, a noun (eye) to an infinitive (to eye).

Example:

name - to name

eye - to eye

Folk Etymology

Thegradual change in the form of a word through the influence of a more familiar word or phrase with which it becomes associated, It is a popular but erroneous conception of the origin of a word.

Examples:

Sparrow Grass = Asparagus

Bridegome = Bridegroom

Poetry

Classified into three: narrative, lyric, and dramatic poetry.

Narrative Poetry

A poem that tells a story.

Examples:

Home tales or simple idylls, supernatural tales, love tales or tales written for the purpose of moralizing

Great Epic

A long poem, usually derived from the ancient oral tradition, narrating the deeds and adventures of heroic or legendary figures or the history of a nation.

Examples:

The Epic of Gilgamesh | The Mahabharata

Metrical Romance

A poem dealing with the emotions Or phase of life. It is told in a simple, easy, straightforward and realistic manner. It usually ends happily whether love, is involved or not. It also tells a story of adventure, love, and chivalry The knight on a quest is the usual hero in this type of poem.

Examples:

“Evangeline, by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow”,

“The Lady of the Lake by Sir Walter Scott's”

Ballad

A poem or song recounting a story in short stanzas. Since traditional ballad had been passed on orally from one generation to the next as part of the folk culture, its author is typically unk nown

Examples:

"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner" by Samuel Taylor

Coleridge

Metrical Tale

A narrative poem that consists of a single series of related events that are simple, and usually do not form a plot. (Simple idylls or home tales, love tales, tales of the supernatural, or tales written for a strong moral purpose in verse form are examples of this type of poem.)

Lyric Poetry

A poem that is very personal in nature. It expresses in musical language the poet's own thoughts, feelings, moods, and reflections The term lyric was derived from the musical instrument, the lyre.

Ode

A lyric poem of some length. Its Subject is serious and its style is dignified It is written in a spirit of extolling some persons or things. It is considered as the most majestic among the lyric poems.

Elegy

A poem written on the death of a friend or a loved one Of the poet. It is written to praise and honor a friend or a loved one. However the poet will have come to terms with his grief at the end of the poem.

Sonnet

A lyric poem which contains fourteen iambic pentameter lines. It usually has rhyme at the end of each line.

Song

A lyric poem that is characterized to have a regular metrical pattern often sets into music by providing musical accompaniment such as a guitar or banduria. It has twelve syllables and sung slowly with the instruments accompaniment.

Simple Lyric

Any short poem in which the lines are especially musical. Its distinct characteristic is having a subjective and emotional tone.

Dramatic Poetry

A narrative poem in which one or more characters speak. It consists of the thoughts or spoken statements or both of one or more characters other than the poet himself in a particular situation in life.

Poetic Plag

A play written entirely or mainly in verse or in lines of poetry.

Comedy

A movie, play, or broadcast program intended to make an audience laugh.

Tragedy

A play dealing with tragic events and having an unhappy ending, especially one concerning the downfall of the main character.

Dramatic History

The art of presenting historical events through narrative. It is based on actual events and employs literary devices to fill in the gaps of what is unknown. It utilizes historical personages as characters and gets a lesson or conclusion about the meaning of the events it depicts. It is also known as historical play.