wk 7 - T-test Notes

These flashcards cover key concepts, terms, and definitions related to T-tests and statistical analysis methods discussed in the lecture notes.

Within Subjects Design

Also referred to as repeated measures design, where the same participants are tested multiple times on the same dependent variable.

Dependent Variable (DV)

A continuous variable that is measured to assess the effect of treatment manipulation.

T-test for Paired Samples

A statistical test used to compare means from the same group at different times.

Degrees of Freedom (df)

The number of independent values that can vary in a statistical calculation.

Null Hypothesis (H0)

A hypothesis that proposes there is no effect or difference between groups with respect to the means.

Independent Samples T-test

A statistical test used to compare the means of two independent groups.

Homogeneity of Variances

The assumption that different samples have similar variances.

Pooled Standard Deviation (Sp)

An estimate of the common standard deviation used when calculating T-tests for independent samples.

Type I Error

The error of concluding that there is a difference when, in fact, there is none.

Approximating Normal Distribution

The assumption that data should be roughly normally distributed for certain statistical tests to be valid.