ch.22 A&PII

Which of the following is a lymphatic "nodule"?

The tonsils*

the functions of the spleen include?

destruction of foreign organisms reaching thru the blood*

Which tonsils are located in the posterior nasal cavity?

-pharyngal (the pharyngeal tonsils and adenoids)

The thymus plays an important role in the development of (the)

t cells

A "B Cell" responds to the initial antigen challenge immediately by all of these except:

Cell to cell combat which includes phagocytosis*

Select the correct statement about immune function

All of the above*

The composition of lymph is similar to that of

interstitial fluid (tissue fluid)

what is the largest lymphatic vessel in human body?

-serasic aduct

what type of WBC can produce antibody?

b cells

which statement about lymph nodes and lymphogials is not correct?

-lymph nodes are located in many places in the lymphatic system throughout the body. Lymph nodes filter the lymphatic fluid and store special cells that can trap cancer cells or bacteria that are traveling through the body in the lymph fluid.

T-lymphocytes become _ when exposed to tissue transplants from non-relatives

killer lymphocytes*

Functions of the "immune (or lymphatic) system" include:

-get rid of stuff not belong in the body

-involvement in elimination of foreign bodies,

-prevents successful transplantation of organs from non-related persons

In passive immunity:

-antibodies made by another person are injected into the patient as a form of treatment*

The type of resistance that develops as a result of developing a disease is:

-Naturally acquire immunity, body produce its own antibody, active immunity

Two means of acquiring active immunity are vaccination and:

-infection*

Antibodies combine with molecules which are called

-antigens

Cells responsible for immunity

• Bcells, T cells, phagocytes

Which of the following is thought to be a possible cause of autoimmune disease?

-altering of cells or tissues so that surface antigens cause the production of killer T cells or antibodies to them*

The (gland) organ which determines the ability to provide cellular immunity, very early in life, is the:

-thymus gland*

from the thymus is believed to give rise to sensitized lymphocytes and eventual cellular immunity

-this is called preporsention can be seen as the training for the t cells, receive a lot of training and if they pass it they become mature t cells

The AIDS virus infects:

-T helper cells*

Nonspecific body defenses include:

1. Phagocytosis, fever

2. T Cells

3. Plasma cells

-phagocytes, fever

-complementary system

When B-cells are activated, they

-multiply and produce plasma cells which release antibodies into the circulation*

Helper T cells:

are essential in both humoral and cell mediated immune function activation*

. Active immunity is acquired by either infection with the live organism or by:

-vaccination

Interferon" is:

-peptide produced by the cells infected by virus. a tissue extract which prevents viral RNA from changing normal cellular DNA activity

-produces enzymes to be ready and catch the virus

-INFs also enhance the activity of phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells, inhibit cell growth, and suppress tumor formation;

The term "antigenic" means :

-able to form specific antibodies*

Plasma cells are derived from

B cells*

The primary function of the lymphatic system is

-recycling fluid in tissue aka drain tissue fluid, carry back to the vein and immunity.

-the production maintenance abd distribution of lymphocytes

-transporting dietary lipids and vitamins from GI tract to the blood

Anatomically, lymph vessels resemble

-medium sized veins*

Lymph nodes do all of the following, except

remove excess nutrients from the lymph*

Lymphocytes are located in each of the following tissues or organs except the

-Brain

-(places where they are located in)lymphatic tissue organs like tonsils, lymnodes, spleen, red bone marrow, thymus gland

The body's nonspecific defenses include all of the following, except

-fever, phagocytes, complementary system

(specific defense are: lymphocytes, b cells, t cells)

The cells responsible for humoral immunity are the cells

-B cells

Suppressor T cells act to

-supress other T cells and B cells activity

B cells are primarily activated by the action of

-T helper cells

The following are steps in the cell-mediated immune response:

-correct order *

2.antigen is engulfed and presented by a macrophage ap c cells

4.undifferentiated T cells w/ specific receptors recognize the antigen

1.several cycles of mitosis occur (cell division)

5.T cells differentiate into cytotoxic T cells and T memory cells

3.cytotoxic T cells migrate to focus of infection

6.cytotoxic T cells release perforin and/or lymphotoxin

nonspecific resistance

-guards equally against a broad range of pathogens

Immunity

-involves activation of specific lymphocytes that combat a particular pathogen or other foreign substances

specific immunity

-ability to fight a specific pathogen

The spleen

is the largest lymphoid organ in the body*

The lymphatic system returns fluid from tissue spaces to the

circulatory system*

the spleen (part2)

-all of the above*