APWH flash cards

Feudalism

System where landowners held power and rule was decentralized.

Song Dynasty

Spread Confucianism and Buddhism; encouraged social mobility through merit; improved bureaucracy.

Confucianism

Chinese philosophy emphasizing education, morality, social order, and respect for elders.

Buddhism

Founded by Siddhartha Gautama; seeks Nirvana; blended with Chinese culture and Daoism; includes Theravada (meditation) and Mahayana (helping others); Noble Truths outline suffering and the Eightfold Path.

Daoism

Chinese philosophy emphasizing harmony with the Tao.

Islam

Monotheistic religion founded by Muhammad; spread through trade, missionaries, and adopting local traditions; Mansa Musa's Hajj showcased Mali's wealth.

Judaism

Monotheistic religion based on Hebrew scriptures.

Christianity

Monotheistic religion based on Jesus and the New Testament.

Hinduism

Religion from India emphasizing karma, dharma, and reincarnation.

Paleolithic Era

Old Stone Age; nomadic hunter-gatherers.

Neolithic Revolution

Shift from hunting-gathering to farming; permanent villages.

Mesopotamia

"Land between rivers," birthplace of civilization.

Indus River Valley Civilization

Advanced cities in modern Pakistan/India.

Yellow River Valley Civilization

Early Chinese civilization; dynasties emerged.

Shang Dynasty

Earliest Chinese dynasty with archaeological evidence.

Qin Dynasty

Unified China; short but important dynasty.

Han Dynasty

Golden age of culture and technology in China.

Agriculture in China

Champa rice and other innovations increased food production; domestication of plants/animals.

Grand Canal

Connected regions, boosting trade and transportation.

Urbanization in China

Gave rise to a gentry class stronger than old aristocracy; influenced social structures.

Artisans in China

Produced goods, supporting economy and culture.

Paper printing in China

Woodblock printing spread knowledge and literature.

Technological inventions

Paper, gunpowder, compass, and other Chinese innovations.

Characteristics of cities

Large populations, specialized labor, organized government.

Monumental architecture

Big impressive buildings like pyramids.

Writing and record keeping

Systems like cuneiform and hieroglyphics for communication.

Dynastic cycle

Rise and fall of Chinese dynasties.

Finished goods

Products made from raw materials like silk or porcelain.

Social structure in Korea

Strong aristocracy limited adoption of Chinese practices.

Bantu Migration

Spread farming and language across Africa.

Trans-Saharan Trade

Trade network across the Sahara, mainly salt and gold.

Alexander the Great

Created a large Greek empire, spreading Hellenistic culture.

Roman Civilization

Known for law, engineering, and military power.

Byzantine Empire

Eastern continuation of the Roman Empire.

Rise of the Ottomans

Empire that conquered Constantinople and expanded power.

Status of women in Vietnam

Women had rights, showing more equality than in other regions.

Renaissance man in scholar gentry

Well-rounded scholars skilled in many areas.